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anterior abdominal wall Flashcards

1
Q

where is the location of the abdomen?

A

it is part of the trunk located between the diaphragm and pelvis ( between the thoracic cage and pelvis )

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2
Q

what are the 3 layers of anterior abdominal wall?

A

3 layers :

External

internal

innermost

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3
Q

what is found in the superior boundary of anterior abdominal wall?

A

xiphoid process

costal margins

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4
Q

what is found laterally to the abdominal wall?

A

mid axillary line

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5
Q

what is found inferiorly to the anterior abdominal wall?

A

pubic symphysis

inguinal ligaments

iliac crest

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6
Q

what is the extension of inguinal ligament?

A

it extends from pubic tubercle to the anterior superior iliac spine

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7
Q

what forms the anterior axillary line?

A

pectoralis major muscle —> forms the anterior axillary fold

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8
Q

what forms the posterior axillary line?

A

teres major

latissimus dorsi

both of them forms the posterior axillary fold

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9
Q

what forms the mid axillary line?

A

its formed between the anterior and posterior axillary lines

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10
Q

where is the pubic symphysis joint felt?

A

midline joint

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11
Q

where is the pubic crest bone felt ?

A

extends laterally for 2.5cm from pubic symphysis

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12
Q

wheres the pubic tubercle bone found?

A

lateral prominence of pubic crest

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13
Q

what is the extension of mid clavicular plane/ right and left planes ?

A

extends from the mid point of the clavicle to the mid inguinal point ( IN THE INGUINAL REGION NOT MID POINT OF INGUINAL LIGAMENT )

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14
Q

what is the mid point of inguinal ligament?

A

between anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle

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15
Q

what is linea semilunaris ?

A

the transition between the lateral oblique muscle into connective tissue ( aponeurosis )

it also represents the midclavicular line

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16
Q

what is the extension of the subcostal plane?

A

its a line between the 2 costal margins at the 10th costal cartilage

its a horizontal line

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17
Q

what is the level of vertebral column lies behind the subcostal plane?

A

lower body of L3

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18
Q

what is the level of umbilicus corresponding to the vertebrae?

A

L3-L4 ( IN NORMAL LEAN PERSONS )

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19
Q

what the extension of transpolyric plane?

A

its a horizontal line crossing the midline that extends from the jugular notch to the pubic symphysis ( midline of the body)

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20
Q

what is the level of the transpyloric plane anteriorly?

A

Costal cartilage 9

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21
Q

what is the level of the transpyloric plane?

A

Lower border of L1 vertebrae

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22
Q

what are the relations at the transpyloric plane?

A

Pyloric part of the stomach ( transpyloric = bisects the stomach at the pylorus )

Fundus of gall bladder

neck of pancreas

formation of portal vein

origin of superior mesenteric artery

Root of transverse mesocolon

hila of the kidney

lower end of spinal cord ( in adults )

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23
Q

what present in the fundus of the stomach?

A

air and gas

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24
Q

what is the location of the fundus of gallbladder?

A

it is at the meeting point of the mid clavicular line and transpyloric line

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25
whats the arterial supply of the foregut?
celiac trunk
26
what is the arterial supply of midgut?
superior mesenteric artery
27
what is the arterial supply of hindgut?
inferior mesenteric artery
28
what holds the transverse colon?
peritoneum -- transverse mesocolon and it is connected to the posterior wall by the root
29
where is bile produced?
fundus of gallblader
30
where is the head of pancreas found?
inside the C shaped duodenum
31
wheres the tail of the pancreas found ?
projects laterally towards the hilum of the spleen
32
how is the portal vein formed?
fusion of splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein
33
where does the formation of portal vein take place?
behind the neck of pancreas ( fusion of splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein )
34
describe the mobility of the structures behind the peritoneum?
structures retroperitoneal are only covered by peritoneum so they are squished by it and cannot move Descending and ascending colon are retroperitoneal so fixed and cannot move
35
describe the mobility of the structures intraperitoneal ( inside the peritoneum )
the peritoneum forms a sac around these structures ---> structures can move freely inside the sac transverse colon is surrounded by the sac so it moves freely inside of it
36
what is the extension of interspinous plane?
its horizontal plane between the anterior superior iliac spines
37
describe the extension of the transtuberuclar plan?
horizontal plane between the tubercles of iliac crest
38
what is the level of transtubercular plane posteriorly?
L5
39
what are the planes that divide the stomach?
right and left midclavicular line transpyloric plane transtubercular plane
40
what are the 9 regions of the abodmen?
hypochondriac ( right and left ) Epigastric Lumbar ( right and left ) Umbilical iliac ( right and left ) hypogastric
41
what divides the abdomen into quadrants?
transumbilical plane ( horizontal ) median plane ( mid of the body)
42
what is the level of transumbilical plane?
L3-L4
43
where is the stomach located?
left hypochondriac Epigastric little bit in the umbilical region OR left upper quadrant + right upper quadrant
44
where is the duodenum located?
Epigastric region Umbilical region or Right upper quadrant Right lower quadrant
45
what are jejunum and ileum?
proximal and distal parts of the small intestine extending from the duodenum to the colon
46
where is jejunum located?
towards left side --> Left upper quadrant
47
where is ileum located?
hypogastric region ---> right lower quadrant
48
what is the extension of large intestines?
extend from the ileocecal junction to the anus
49
what does the large intestine consist of ?
cecum appendix ascending colon transverse colon Descending colon sigmoid colon rectum anal canal
50
what is the ileocecal junction?
a connection between the ileum ( last part of the small intestine ) and cecum ( first part of the large intestine )
51
where is the liver and gall bladder located?
right hypochondrium small portion is in the left hyopchondrium
52
what is the extension of pancreas?
from the C shaped curve of the duodenum to the splenic hilum
53
what is the location of pancreas?
head of pancreas --> right hypochondriac region tail of pancreas ---> left hypochondriac region neck --> epigastric/umbilical
54
what is the level of the hilum of the kidney?
transpyloric plane ---> L1 and 9 costal cartilage suprarenal glands are found on top of the kidneys ( T11)
55
what are the 2 layers of peritoneum?
partial layer visceral layer
56
what does the parietal layer cover?
lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities inferior surface of the diaphragm antero lateral and posterior abdominal wall pelvic floor
57
what does the visceral layer cover?
covers the viscera extends to the body wall by 2 layered mesentereis
58
what is extraperitoneal fat?
fat layer between parietal layer and anterior/posterior abdominal wall
59
what vessels are found retroperitoneal?
abdominal artery inferior vena cava immobile and fixed cuz outside the peritoneum
60
what are the retroperitoneal organs?
kidneys , adrenal glands pancreas duodenum ascending colon descending colon Rectum abdominal aorta inferior vena cava
61
what are the intraperitoneal organs?
spleen liver and gall bladder stomach small intestine transverse colon sigmoid colon uterus
62
what connects visceral organs?
mesenteries ligament/fold omentum

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