anterior abdominal wall Flashcards
where is the location of the abdomen?
it is part of the trunk located between the diaphragm and pelvis ( between the thoracic cage and pelvis )
what are the 3 layers of anterior abdominal wall?
3 layers :
External
internal
innermost
what is found in the superior boundary of anterior abdominal wall?
xiphoid process
costal margins
what is found laterally to the abdominal wall?
mid axillary line
what is found inferiorly to the anterior abdominal wall?
pubic symphysis
inguinal ligaments
iliac crest
what is the extension of inguinal ligament?
it extends from pubic tubercle to the anterior superior iliac spine
what forms the anterior axillary line?
pectoralis major muscle —> forms the anterior axillary fold
what forms the posterior axillary line?
teres major
latissimus dorsi
both of them forms the posterior axillary fold
what forms the mid axillary line?
its formed between the anterior and posterior axillary lines
where is the pubic symphysis joint felt?
midline joint
where is the pubic crest bone felt ?
extends laterally for 2.5cm from pubic symphysis
wheres the pubic tubercle bone found?
lateral prominence of pubic crest
what is the extension of mid clavicular plane/ right and left planes ?
extends from the mid point of the clavicle to the mid inguinal point ( IN THE INGUINAL REGION NOT MID POINT OF INGUINAL LIGAMENT )
what is the mid point of inguinal ligament?
between anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle
what is linea semilunaris ?
the transition between the lateral oblique muscle into connective tissue ( aponeurosis )
it also represents the midclavicular line
what is the extension of the subcostal plane?
its a line between the 2 costal margins at the 10th costal cartilage
its a horizontal line
what is the level of vertebral column lies behind the subcostal plane?
lower body of L3
what is the level of umbilicus corresponding to the vertebrae?
L3-L4 ( IN NORMAL LEAN PERSONS )
what the extension of transpolyric plane?
its a horizontal line crossing the midline that extends from the jugular notch to the pubic symphysis ( midline of the body)
what is the level of the transpyloric plane anteriorly?
Costal cartilage 9
what is the level of the transpyloric plane?
Lower border of L1 vertebrae
what are the relations at the transpyloric plane?
Pyloric part of the stomach ( transpyloric = bisects the stomach at the pylorus )
Fundus of gall bladder
neck of pancreas
formation of portal vein
origin of superior mesenteric artery
Root of transverse mesocolon
hila of the kidney
lower end of spinal cord ( in adults )
what present in the fundus of the stomach?
air and gas
what is the location of the fundus of gallbladder?
it is at the meeting point of the mid clavicular line and transpyloric line
whats the arterial supply of the foregut?
celiac trunk
what is the arterial supply of midgut?
superior mesenteric artery
what is the arterial supply of hindgut?
inferior mesenteric artery
what holds the transverse colon?
peritoneum – transverse mesocolon and it is connected to the posterior wall by the root
where is bile produced?
fundus of gallblader
where is the head of pancreas found?
inside the C shaped duodenum
wheres the tail of the pancreas found ?
projects laterally towards the hilum of the spleen
how is the portal vein formed?
fusion of splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein
where does the formation of portal vein take place?
behind the neck of pancreas
( fusion of splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein )
describe the mobility of the structures behind the peritoneum?
structures retroperitoneal are only covered by peritoneum so they are squished by it and cannot move
Descending and ascending colon are retroperitoneal so fixed and cannot move
describe the mobility of the structures intraperitoneal ( inside the peritoneum )
the peritoneum forms a sac around these structures —> structures can move freely inside the sac
transverse colon is surrounded by the sac so it moves freely inside of it
what is the extension of interspinous plane?
its horizontal plane between the anterior superior iliac spines
describe the extension of the transtuberuclar plan?
horizontal plane between the tubercles of iliac crest
what is the level of transtubercular plane posteriorly?
L5
what are the planes that divide the stomach?
right and left midclavicular line
transpyloric plane
transtubercular plane
what are the 9 regions of the abodmen?
hypochondriac ( right and left )
Epigastric
Lumbar ( right and left )
Umbilical
iliac ( right and left )
hypogastric
what divides the abdomen into quadrants?
transumbilical plane ( horizontal )
median plane ( mid of the body)
what is the level of transumbilical plane?
L3-L4
where is the stomach located?
left hypochondriac
Epigastric
little bit in the umbilical region
OR
left upper quadrant + right upper quadrant
where is the duodenum located?
Epigastric region
Umbilical region
or
Right upper quadrant
Right lower quadrant
what are jejunum and ileum?
proximal and distal parts of the small intestine extending from the duodenum to the colon
where is jejunum located?
towards left side –> Left upper quadrant
where is ileum located?
hypogastric region —> right lower quadrant
what is the extension of large intestines?
extend from the ileocecal junction to the anus
what does the large intestine consist of ?
cecum
appendix
ascending colon
transverse colon
Descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
anal canal
what is the ileocecal junction?
a connection between the ileum ( last part of the small intestine ) and cecum ( first part of the large intestine )
where is the liver and gall bladder located?
right hypochondrium
small portion is in the left hyopchondrium
what is the extension of pancreas?
from the C shaped curve of the duodenum to the splenic hilum
what is the location of pancreas?
head of pancreas –> right hypochondriac region
tail of pancreas —> left hypochondriac region
neck –> epigastric/umbilical
what is the level of the hilum of the kidney?
transpyloric plane —> L1 and 9 costal cartilage
suprarenal glands are found on top of the kidneys ( T11)
what are the 2 layers of peritoneum?
partial layer
visceral layer
what does the parietal layer cover?
lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities
inferior surface of the diaphragm
antero lateral and posterior abdominal wall
pelvic floor
what does the visceral layer cover?
covers the viscera
extends to the body wall by 2 layered mesentereis
what is extraperitoneal fat?
fat layer between parietal layer and anterior/posterior abdominal wall
what vessels are found retroperitoneal?
abdominal artery
inferior vena cava
immobile and fixed cuz outside the peritoneum
what are the retroperitoneal organs?
kidneys , adrenal glands
pancreas
duodenum
ascending colon
descending colon
Rectum
abdominal aorta
inferior vena cava
what are the intraperitoneal organs?
spleen
liver and gall bladder
stomach
small intestine
transverse colon
sigmoid colon
uterus
what connects visceral organs?
mesenteries
ligament/fold
omentum
