Anterior Abdomen and Inguinal Flashcards by Richard Buksch

External Oblique Origin

Outer surface of Ribs 5-12

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External oblique Insertion

Linea Alba (midline seam)
Pubic Cerst
Illiac crest

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External Oblique Orientation

“hands in pockets”

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External Oblique Function

Bend trunk ipsilaterally
rotate trunk contralaterally
Aid in flexing trunk
Compress abdomen

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Internal Oblique Origin

Iliac Crest and spine (via thorocolumnar fascia)

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Internal oblique insertion

Costal margin
linea alba
pubic crest

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Internal Oblique Orientation

Perpendicular to External Oblique

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Internal Oblique Function

Same as External Oblique

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Transversus abdominis Origin

Costal Cartilage (ribs 7-12)
Spine (via thoracolumnar fascia

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Transversus abdominus Insertion

Linea Alba

Pubic crest

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Transversus Abdominus Orientation

Horizontal

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Transversus Abdominus Function

Rotate trunk ipsilaterally

Compress abdomen

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Rectus Abdominus Origin

Pubic crest

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Rectus abdominis Insertion

Costal Cartilage

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Rectus abdominis orientation

Vertical with tendinous insertions

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Rectus Abdominus Function

Flex trunk

compress abdomen

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What are tendinous insertions

fibrous bands that cross the rectus abdominus and allow the forward flexion and recruitment of separate parts of the rectus abdominus

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what is the rectus sheath

the combined aponeurosis of the 3 abdominal muscles

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What is the arcuate line

below this line there is no posterior portion of the rectus sheath

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What is the linea alba

The line in the middle of the abdomen where the left and right aponeurosi meet

What is the Linea semilunaris

The line where each of the three abdominal muscles become a sheet like tendon

Transversalis fascia

thin aponeurotic membrane which lies between the inner surface of the transverse abdominal muscle and the parietal peritoneum

Parietal peritoneum

Peritoneal lining that is attached to the outer cavity

Layers from superficial to deep above arcuate line and medial to linea semilunaris

Skin
Camper's fascia (fat)
Scarpa's fascia (membranous)
External oblique (aponeurosis)
1/2 Internal oblique (aponeurosis)
Rectus abdominus
1/2 Internal oblique (aponeurosis)
Transversalus abdominus (aponeurosis)
Transversalis fascia
Extraperitoneal fat
Parietal Peritoneum

Layers from superficial to deep below arcuate line and medial to linea semilunaris

``` Skin Camper's fascia (fat) Scarpa's fascia (membranous) External Oblique (aponeurosis) Internal Oblique (aponeurosis) Transversalus abdominus (aponeurosis) Rectus Abdominus transversalis fascia Extraperitoneal fat Parietal peritoneum ```

Layers from superficial to deep lateral to linea semilunaris in abdomen

``` Skin Camper's fascia (fat) Scarpa's fascia (membranous External Oblique Internal Oblique Transversalis Abdominus Transversalis fascia Extraparitoneal fat Parietal Paritoneum ```

Inferior Epigastric vessels

branch off the external iliac artery deep to the rectus abdominus

Superior Epigastric Vessels

terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery

Inferior and superior epigastric vessels

anastomise with each other to supply blood to lower limbs if descending aorta is compromised become enlarged to handle increased blood flow

what are the umbilical folds

the inferior epigastric vessels coursing between the transversalis fascia and the parietal peritoneum, causing a fold in the pertineum

Whaere is the T6 dermatome

Xiphoid process

Where is the T7 dermatome

epigastric (above stomach)

Where is the T10 dermatome

umbilicus

Where is the L1 dermatome

The inguinal fold

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

bony projection from the iliac crest | inguinal ligament attaches

Pubic tubercle

projection on the upper medial portion of superior ramus of pubis

What are the Inguinal triangles boundaries

Inferior: Inguinal ligament Superolaterally: Inferior Epigastric vessels Medially: lateral border of rectus abdominus

Inguinal Canal

Passageway for structures to and from the scrotum | From the Deep inguinal ring to the superficial inguinal ring

Superficial inguinal ring

gap in external oblique located superior to the pubic tubercle

Deep inguinal ring

evagination of the transversalis fascia

Spermatic cord Layers and what they originate from in abdomen

External spermatic fascia (external oblique) Cremasteric fascia and muscle (Internal Oblique) Internal spermatic fascia (transversalis fascia)

What keeps arterial blood cooler before reaching the testis

the pampiniform plexus of veins

What is the al dente spaghetti in the spermatic cord

Vas (ductus) Deferens

"White coat" of the testis

tunica albuginea | encapsulates the testis

Fist in balloon portion of testis

tunica vagnalis located anteriorly and around the testis

Scarpa's fascia in testicles

dartos fascia is continuous with Scarpa's fascia | crinkles scrotum to help protect in cold

Round ligament of uterus

located in inguinal canal | anchors uterus to the labium majus (labia majora)

subinguinal space

region deep to the inguinal ligament that allows passage from posterior abdominal wall to the thigh

Femoral sheath contents

``` From lateral to medial NAVEL Nerve Artery Vein Empty with Lymph ```