Antepartum Nursing Flashcards
1
Q
the recommended total weight gain during pregnancy is based on
A
BMI
2
Q
little weight gain is made in the first trimester d/t
A
morning sickness
3
Q
caloric intake should increase by
A
300-400 cal/day
4
Q
folic acid dosage
A
400-800 (600) mcg/day
5
Q
iron dosage
A
27 mg/day
6
Q
Ca dosage
A
1000 mg/day
7
Q
how much water should a pregnant woman drink
A
8-10 glasses/day
8
Q
pregnant athletes and exercise
A
maintain training regimen but increase cal and protein
9
Q
hispanic/asian 3rd trimester foods
A
women are hot so they eat cold foods
10
Q
hispanic/asian postpartum foods
A
women are cold so they eat hot foods
11
Q
preconception visit
A
complete hx and exam including health screening
12
Q
potential health problems in pregnant women includs
A
chronic conditions/medications and social problems
13
Q
contraception should stop X months before trying
A
2-3 months
14
Q
depo can delay fertility for X months
A
several months to 1 year
15
Q
fertility awareness family planning is
A
tracking when you ovulate based on temperature, discharge etc
16
Q
3 types of drugs to ask patients about
A
Rx meds, OTC meds, Illicit drugs
17
Q
seatbelts are worn
A
under the abdomen
18
Q
dental health is necessary d/t X3
A
infections, bacteria, Ca storage
19
Q
Presumptive signs of pregnancy X7
A
amenorrhea, fatigue, N/V, urinary frequency, breasts increase size/fullness, pronounced nipples, quickening
20
Q
quickening
A
fetal movement
21
Q
probable signs of pregnancy X7
A
uterine enlargement, Chadwick’s sign, Goodell’s sign, Hegar’s sign, ballottement, braxton hicks, positive pregnancy test
22
Q
Hegar’s Sign
A
lower part of uterine segment becomes soft
23
Q
ballottement
A
baby floats up and down when assessed
24
Q
positive signs of pregnancy X3
A
fetal heart sounds, fetal movement, ultrasound visualization of the fetus
25
fetal heart sounds are detected at
10-12 weeks
26
cardiac movement can be seen on an ultrasound at
4-8 weeks
27
the amniotic sac can be detected at
4.5-5 weeks
28
hcg production begins at
implantation
29
hcg can be detected at
7-8 days after conception
30
high hcg levels indicate X4
multiples, ectopic pregnancy, molar pregnancies, genetic abnormalities
31
low hcg levels indicate X2
miscarriage, ectopic pregnancies
32
false positive/negative pregnancy tests are caused by X3
(medications), anticonvulsants, diuretics, tranquilizers
33
term baby
38-42 weeks
34
preemie baby
<37 weeks
35
post term baby
>42 weeks
36
fertilization to delivery lasts approx
280 days
37
EDC
estimated date of confinement
38
EDD
estimated date of delivery
39
EDB
estimated date of birth
40
LMP
last menstrual period
41
naegele's rule
LMP-3 months+7 days = EDD
42
gravida
number of pregnancies
43
nulligravida
never been pregnant
44
primigravida
1st time pregnant
45
multigravida
2+ pregnancies
46
para
number of pregnancies that end at 20+ weeks
47
nullipara
never been pregnant/carried a pregnancy to 20 weeks
48
primipara
delivered 1 pregnancy of 20+ weeks
49
multipara
delivered 2+ pregnancies of 20+ weeks
50
GTPAL(M)
gravida, para, term, pre-term, abortions, living, multiple gestations
51
multiple gestations are counted as pregnancies or number of babies
pregnancies
52
estrogen affects breasts how
stimulates growth of mammary ductal tissue
53
progesterone affects breasts how
promotes growth of lobes, lobules and alveoli
54
breast changes
tender, full, tingling sensation, increase in weight, size firmness and appearance
55
nipple changes during pregnancy
increase in size and become erect, areolas darken, sebaceous glands secrete to lube the nipples
56
hormone of pregnancy
progesterone
57
placenta takes over production of progesterone at X
6-7 weeks
58
round ligament pain
connective tissues soften in preparation for delivery
59
pattern of uterine growth helps confirm
EDD
60
braxton hicks begin at
16
61
braxton hicks are
irregular contractions
62
X and X increase in the cervix
vascularity and water content
63
Chadwick's sign
bluish/purple cervix
64
Goodell's sign
cervix softens in preparation of delivery
65
mucus plug
hypertrophy of cervical glands causes leukorrhea
66
cervical mucus is rich in X and prevents X
rich in immunoglobulins and blocks ascent of bacteria into the uterus
67
during pregnancy the vaginal rugae become
prominent
68
pH of vagina during pregnancy
becomes acidic
69
new vaginal pH prevents X leading to X
prevents bacterial growth and increases the growth of yeast infections
70
heart enlarges X%
10-15%
71
normal heart rhythm in mid to late pregnancy
systolic heart murmur
72
blood volume increases by
40-50%
73
plasma volume increases by
40-60%
74
RBC increase by
20-30%
75
why is physiologic anemia normal in pregnancy
plasma volume increases double RBC increases
76
physiologic anemia is treated by
increased iron intake
77
cardiac output increases b
30-50%
78
diastolic BP in 1st trimester
slight decrease
79
how does supine positioning affect BP
uterus compresses IVC and aorta
cardiac output decreases by 24-30% leading to decreased BP
80
how are variscocities formed in pregnancy
uterus weighs on IVC and iliac veins partially obstructing venous return and increasing venous pressure below the uterus
81
why are pregnant women at risk for thrombi
blood is in a hypercoaguability state to prevent hemorrhaging during delivery
82
oxygen consumption increases by
20%
83
lung capacity decreases by
4%
84
pregnant women are in slight respiratory X to promote X
slight respiratory alkalosis to promote transport of CO2 from fetus to mom
85
an enlarged uterus displaces the X leading to X chest circumference and a shift from X to X breathing
displaces the diaphragm leading to increased chest circumference and a shift from abdominal to thoracic breathing
86
X and X decrease airway resistance
progesterone and prostaglandins
87
X increases vascular engorgement
estrogen
88
pregnant women common have X s/s
URI s/s
89
diastolic BP decreases 10-12 at
24-32 weeks
90
moms pulse should increase by X at X weeks
10-20 BPM at 32 weeks
91
hyperemia
bleeding gums
92
ptyalism
increased saliva
93
esophagus changes in pregnancy
decreased sphincter tone results in GERD
94
stomach/intestines change how during pregnancy
decreased tone/motility may result in delayed emptying time and constipation
95
bile changes during pregnancy
thickens - predisposing pregnant women to gall stones
96
hyperemesis gravidarum
excessive morning sickness
97
hyperemesis gravidarum creates a risk of
dehydration and electrolyte imbalances
98
renal pelvis changes
dilates
99
ureter changes
elongates and dilates
100
renal plasma increases by
50-80%
101
GFR increases by
50%
102
common UA changes in pregnancy X2
glycosuria and proteinuria (slight)
103
progesterone affects the bladder how
decreases tone leading to urinary stasis and UTI's
104
linea nigra
dark vertical line from umbilicus to mons pubis
105
melasma
mask of pregnancy
106
striae gravidarum aka
stretch marks
107
lordosis
shift in center of gravity
108
diastasis recti
midline abdominal muscle separates during 3rd trimester
109
oxytocin is used for X2
uterine contraction and milk ejection
110
relaxin inhibits
uterine activity
111
fundus
top of uterus
112
fundus at 10-12 weeks
symphysis pubis
113
fundus at 16 weeks
between symphysis and umbilicus
114
fundus at 20 weeks
umbilicus
115
lightening occurs at
36-40 weeks
116
what is lightening
dropping from the lungs to the pelvis
117
leopold's maneuver
external palpation of the uterus to determine the presenting part, degree of descent into pelvis and the PMI
118
how to perform leopold's X4
ID fetal part located in fundus, determine location of fetal back, determine presenting part in pelvis, determine location and attitude of fetal head
119
visits from conception to 28 weeks
Q 4 weeks
120
visits from 29-36 weeks
q 2 weeks
121
visits from 37 weeks to birth
weekly
122
visits from 40-42 weeks on
biweekly
123
when does quickening occur in primigravida
18-22 weeks
124
when does quickening ocur in multigravida
14-16 weeks
125
1st trimester psychosocial
uncertainty or ambivalence
126
maternal feelings towards first kid
worries about added responsibilities and being a good parent
127
paternal feelings of new kid
new roles, increasing $$ and sharing mom's attention with the infant
128
maternal feelings towards second kid
how it will affect existing chil
129
2nd trimester feelings towards baby
fetus becomes primary focus and physical evidence of pregnancy occurs
130
3rd trimester feelings towards baby
negative body image and resentment towards baby, vulnerable and increasing dependence on partner
131
is intercourse safe during pregnancy
yes if there are not ocomplications
132
#1 risk of adolescent pregnancies
HTN
