Antental Flashcards
What is the antenatal period?
It’s conception to labour
What is pregnancy duration?
40 weeks ( 1st day of LMP to labour )
What is the first trimester?
1st Trimester : Week 1 - the end of week 12
What is the second trimester?
2nd Trimester : week 13 - the end of week 27
What is the third trimester?
After week 28
What are presumptive signs ( subjective ) of pregnancy?
Breast tenderness and enlargement ( 3 to 6 weeks )
Amenorrhea ( 4 weeks )
Nausea and vomiting ( 4 to 14 weeks )
Frequency urination ( 6 to 12 weeks )
Fatigue ( 12 weeks )
Uterine enlargement ( 7 to 12 weeks )
Fetal movements ( 16 to 20 weeks )
Hyperpigmentation of skin ( 16 - 24 weeks )
What are the probable signs ( objective )?
Positive pregnancy test ( 4 to 12 weeks )
Chadwick’s sign ( 6 to 8 weeks )
Goodell’s sign ( 6 weeks )
Hegar’s sign ( 6 to 12 weeks )
Ballottement ( 16 to 28 weeks )
Braxton Hicks contractions ( 16 to 28 weeks )
What are the positive signs?
- Ultrasound verification of embryo of fetus ( 4 to 6 weeks)
- Fetal movement felt by experienced clinician ( 20 weeks )
- Auscultation of fetal heart tones via Doppler ( 10 to 12 weeks )
What is menstrual history?
Calculation of expected date of delivery ( EDD )
- Nagele’s rule
- Gestational or birth calculator or wheel
- Ultrasound is the best method of dating a pregnancy.
How to calculate naglene rule?
Minus 3 months + 7 days
Add one year on it
What is para?
The number of pregnancy that have reached viability, regardless of whether the infants were born alive
What is gravida ?
A woman who is or has been pregnant
Primi gravida ?
A women who is pregnant for the first time?
Primi para?
A women who has given birth to one child past age of viability
Multi gravida ?
A woman who has been pregnant previously
Grand multi para
A women who has carried five or more pregnancies to viability
multi para
a women who has carried two or more pregnancies to viability
null gravida
a women who has never been and is not currently pregnant
what are the maternal assessment?
- weight and BP compared to baseline values
- Urine testing for protein, glucose, ketones and nitrites
- Fundal height
- Quickening / fetal movement
- Fetal heart rate
What do we do to assess the fetal well being?
Ultrasonography and chromosomal anormalies
What does ultrasonography do?
First 12 weeks of pregnancy : confirm and see gestational sac
Fetal anomaly scan : 20-22 weeks of pregnancy, physical anomalies
Growth scan : 30 - 32 weeks of pregnancy, growth ( maturity, sex )
What are chromosomal anomalies test ?
Triple test
Amniocentesis
Chorionic Villus sampling ( CVS )
Triple test
Its purpose is to SCREEN for possible neural tube defects, Down syndrome and Trisomy 18 in the developing baby.
Amniocentensis
Amniocentesis is a test you may be offered during pregnancy to check if your baby has a genetic or chromosomal condition, such as Down’s syndrome, Edwards’ syndrome or Patau’s syndrome.
Chorionic Villus sampling ( CVS )
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is a prenatal test in which a sample of chorionic villi is removed from the placenta for testing.
Chorionic villus sampling can reveal whether a baby has a chromosomal condition, such as Down syndrome, as well as other genetic conditions, such as cystic fibrosis.
