antenatal drugs Flashcards
how does magnesium sulfate work?
- calcium antagonist
- muscle relaxant
how does indomethacin work?
- prostaglandin synthase inhibitor
- used for short term tocolysis; too many problems with long term use
how does terbutaline work?
- B2 agonist, decreases Ca
- only used if mom is contracting back to back and fetus is compromised
- black box warning
how does nifedipine work?
- calcium channel blocker
- watch for maternal hypotension
how much epidural analgesia transfers to the fetus?
not much
what are risks exist with epidural analgesia?
- maternal hypotension which can produce fetal hypoperfusion and/or fetal bradycardia
- maternal temperature can be elevated if used for >4hr
what are risks with general anesthesia?
- maternal hypotension = fetal hypoxia
- maternal hypoxia from failed intubation
- delayed time from anesthesia to uterine incision
what does phenytoin cause in the fetus?
cleft lip/palate; nail hypoplasia
how does cocaine affect the fetus?
- degree of effects are proportional to degree of drug exposure
- abruptions are common
- may abort early d/t decreased placental flow/hypoxia
- lungs matured from stress in utero
- often IUGR, SGA, LBW
- risk of midline birth defects
when does a baby withdrawal from cocaine?
around 48 hours
how do methamphetamines/amphetamines affect the fetus?
- infant will be hypersensitive
- infant has no withdrawal but has neurobehavioral symptoms
- at risk for PTL, stillbirth, abruptions, heart defects, LBW
when does a baby withdrawal from methadone?
-usually seen in the first 96 hours up to 2 weeks: it is short-acting but has a longer half life
do infants withdraw from marijuana?
no
What is the fetal alcohol syndrome triad?
- growth deficiency
- CNS dysfunction
- facial features
drug of choice to treat withdrawal?
morphine..?
