ANTENATAL CARE

Question 1

what is ANC?

Question 2

what are the aims of ANC?

Question 3

what are the criteria of a positive pregnancy experience?

Question 4

what would you consider as a normal pregnancy?

Question 5

list the common pregnancy symptoms

Question 6

outline what happens during the booking visit

Question 7

what is pyelitis?

Answer 7

Pyelitis is an inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and calices of the kidney. It’s usually caused by a bacterial infection that has spread from the bladder or urinary tract.

Question 8

what is external ballottement?

Answer 8

External ballottement is a technique used to confirm pregnancy by feeling the fetus move after a push on the abdomen. It can be performed after the seventh month of pregnancy.
How it’s performed
Have the patient lie on their back
Place one hand on the patient’s flank
Use the other hand to push on the fetus
Feel for the fetus’s movement as it swings back
When it can be performed
External ballottement can be performed after the seventh month of pregnancy
It can be used to assess the amount of amniotic fluid
When it might not work
The test may be negative if there isn’t enough amniotic fluid or if the fetus isn’t in a vertical position

Question 9

what are adnexae?

Answer 9

The adnexa are the organs and ligaments in the female pelvis that support the uterus. The word adnexa comes from the Latin word meaning “appendages” or “attachment”.
What are the adnexa? The ovaries, The fallopian tubes, and The ligaments that support the uterus.

Question 10

outline the investigations done during the ANC period

Question 11

what is Immune thrombocytopenic purpura?

Answer 11

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a rare autoimmune disorder, in which a person’s blood doesn’t clot properly, because the immune system destroys the blood-clotting platelets.

Question 12

what is Rh isoimmunization/sensitization?

Answer 12

Rh isoimmunization is a condition that occurs when a pregnant woman’s blood type is incompatible with the baby’s causing her immune system to react and destroy the baby’s blood cells . It’s also known as Rh sensitization or hemolytic disease of the fetus.

Question 13

what is chorionic villi sampling?

Answer 13

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is a prenatal test that checks for genetic abnormalities in a fetus. It involves taking a tissue sample from the placenta and sending it to a lab for analysis.

Question 14

what is amniocentesis?

Answer 14

Amniocentesis is a prenatal procedure that involves taking a small sample of amniotic fluid for testing. It’s usually performed during the second or third trimester of pregnancy

Question 15

what is pyelonephritis?

Answer 15

Inflammation of the kidney due to a bacterial infection.
The inflammation of the kidney is due to a specific type of urinary tract infection (UTI). The UTI usually begins in the urethra or bladder and travels to the kidneys.

Question 16

what is the criteria that allows for a delivery by midwife only?

Question 17

Outline the ANC schedule

Question 18

what should every visit following the booking look at?

Question 19

what should all 3rd trimester visits look at?

Question 20

list the most common risk factors in pregnancy

Question 21

in what situations is u/s used in ANC?

Question 22

what is the suggested program for offered u/s?

Question 23

what are the principles of antenatal advice?

Answer 23

 Diet- should be adequate to provide; good maternal health, optimum fetal growth, strength and vitality
required during labor and successful lactation.
 Hygiene - Dental care, care of the breasts, regular bathing,
 Clothing, shoes and belt: wear loose but comfortable garments. Avoid high heel shoes (due to altered center
of balance in advanced pregnancy) and tight belts
 Rest and sleep- can do normal daily activities but avoid excessive and strenuous work especially in 1st

trimester and last 4 weeks
 Habbits - (avoid alcohol, smoking, substance abuse)
 Coitus: Generally, no restriction but avoid if there is increased risk of miscarriage or preterm labor. Coitus is
associated with release of prostaglandins and oxytocin which may cause uterine contractions.
 Immunization: Live virus vaccines (rubella, measles, mumps, and yellow fever) are contraindicated.
 Tetanus toxoid (0.5ml IM) - protects both mother and neonate. Given at 6 weeks interval for 2, 1st dose
betwn 16–24 weeks. For previously immunized women, give a booster dose of 0.5 mL IM in last trimester.
 Hepatitis A and B vaccines, toxoids can be given as in nonpregnant state
 Preparation for labour and breastfeeding should be given in advance

Question 24

in what cases is it advisable for the woman to present promptly to the hospital?

Question 25

what are the limitations/challenges of ANC?

Question 26

outline the effectiveness of ANC components

Answer 26

 Care components that are not beneficial  Routine weighing, height measurement  Risk categorization of clients (High, Low)  Care components that benefit health of mother and newborn  Screening for anaemia and STI

Question 27

what are the principles of focused ANC?

Question 28

what are the aims of FANC?

Question 29

what is individualized care?

Question 30

what does client friendly ANC consist of?

Question 31

why is good communication relevant in ANC?

Question 32

what do Evidence Based Practices during Antenatal Care Provision include?

Answer 32

 Assessing clients birth preparedness and complication readiness,  Prevention of malaria in pregnancy through the intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) Emtct  Male involvement or support person in the process of ANC and in preparation for delivery.

Question 33

what does Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness Planning encompass?

Answer 33

 Major complications leading to maternal & newborn death & ill-health occur around time of childbirth.  FANC emphasized the importance of preparing well for childbirth & these complications to avoid delays in accessing care as a key intervention for saving women’s lives.  Educating women, men, and family members about the importance of planning for childbirth, compliance with good antenatal practices and recognition of danger signs is critical

Question 34

which supplements are offered during ANC and why?