Antecedents

Question 1

What are the intrinsic non-psychological antecedents to injury?

Answer 1

Strength, flexibility, posture, joint issues, muscle issues, weight/body fat issues, endurance/fatigue, warm-up.

Question 2

What are the extrinsic non-psychological antecedents to injury?

Answer 2

Playing surface/arena, weather, lighting, equipment, rules/decisions, foul play.

Question 3

How do psychological antecedents affect injury occurrence?

Answer 3

Psychological antecedents like stress responses and history of stressors play a significant role in injury occurrence. Personality traits like perfectionism and self-efficacy also affect injury rates.

Question 4

What intrinsic factors contribute to ACL tears?

Answer 4

Strength, joint issues, weight, gender, endurance.

Question 5

What extrinsic factors contribute to ACL tears?

Answer 5

Playing surface, weather, equipment, foul play.

Question 6

What is fear avoidance and how does it relate to injury?

Answer 6

Fear avoidance is when past injury leads to an avoidance of activities due to fear of re-injury. Self-efficacy plays a role in overcoming this.

Question 7

What is the Stress and Injury Model?

Answer 7

A model that explains how stress impacts injury likelihood through psychological and physiological mechanisms like muscle tension and attentional deficits.

Question 8

What are the two types of anxiety related to injury?

Answer 8

Trait anxiety (general tendency) and state anxiety (situation-specific).

Question 9

How does competitive trait anxiety affect injury?

Answer 9

Increased competitive trait anxiety is associated with a higher risk of injury.

Question 10

What is the locus of control in the context of injury recovery?

Answer 10

Internal locus of control increases the likelihood of return to play (RTP) after injuries, while external locus shifts responsibility to outside factors.

Question 11

How do mental and emotional states affect injury rates?

Answer 11

Negative moods and emotions, as well as Type A personality traits, are associated with increased injury rates.

Question 12

How do major life events and daily hassles relate to injury risk?

Answer 12

Both major life events and daily hassles significantly increase injury risk.

Question 13

How does prior injury history impact future injury risk?

Answer 13

Athletes with a history of injuries are 9 times more likely to become injured again.

Question 14

What are internal coping resources in injury prevention?

Answer 14

Internal coping resources include general coping behaviors (self-care) and psychological coping skills (management of thoughts).

Question 15

What are external coping resources in injury prevention?

Answer 15

External coping resources include social support from others.

Question 16

What is the primary appraisal in the cognitive appraisal process?

Answer 16

The primary appraisal is the perception of an event as threatening or harmful and having significant consequences.

Question 17

What is the secondary appraisal in the cognitive appraisal process?

Answer 17

The secondary appraisal involves assessing whether one has adequate coping resources to manage the demands of the stressor.

Question 18

What are the two basic mechanisms that occur during stress in the stress-injury relationship?

Answer 18

Poor physiological functioning (e.g., increased muscle tension and decreased flexibility) and poor attentional functioning (e.g., narrowed visual field, increased distractibility).

Question 19

What interventions can reduce stress responses in athletes?

Answer 19

Modifying cognitions (cognitive restructuring, thought stoppage, confidence training) and lowering physiological arousal (progressive muscular relaxation, meditation, breathing exercises, concentration training).

Question 20

What major changes were made to the revised stress-injury model?

Answer 20

The addition of bidirectional arrows between stress history, coping resources, and personality, and limiting the model to explain only acute injuries, not chronic or overuse ones.

Question 21

What should practitioners focus on to reduce injury risk?

Answer 21

Personality characteristics and coping strategies should be monitored, and appropriate psychological interventions should be timely.

Question 22

What is psychopathology?

Answer 22

The scientific study of mental illness or disorders.

Question 23

What is a psychological assessment?

Answer 23

A professional activity that involves collecting, integrating, and analyzing data about a specific individual to implement appropriate interventions.

Question 24

When is it ideal to take a psychological history?

Answer 24

After the injury has been diagnosed and after the physical rehabilitation plan has been agreed upon.