Antarctica as a global common Flashcards
What are the 2 threats to Antarctica?
Climate change
Tourism and scientific research
How does climate change affect Antarctica?
Increase in air temperature of 3 degrees in last 50 years which leads to glacier retreat and disruption of habitats
What causes disruption to Antarctica from tourism and scientific research?
Vehicle exhausts
construction of buildings
disposal of waste
What are challenges of managing the protection of Antarctica?
It is very fragile and disturbance can last decades
summer tourist system is same as wildlife breeding season
What is the Antarctic treaty system?
Remedy for international governance in Antarctica
What is the Antarctic treaty?
Agreement to preserve Antarctica for peaceful and scientific use
What is ASOC?
Antarctic and southern ocean coalition
Who is part of ASOC?
A group of 30 different NGOs formed to avoid exploitation
What do ASOC do?
Regulates tourism
Manages fishing
monitors implication of Madrid protocol
What is UNEP?
United Nations environment programme
Who is part of UNEP?
A programme from the UN that coordinates environmental activities
What is the Madrid protocol?
Negotiated by the UN and antarctic treaty , all waste produced must be returned to the country of origin
How can tourists preserve the land?
Can only visit nov - march and are fully briefed on code of conduct
Whats the highest amount of tourists that visited?
50,000 in 2018/2019
Who researches the impacts of tourism on Antarctica?
The Scott polar research institute
What evidence is there to show that Antarctica isn’t effected?
Damage to vegetation is by seals
No litter is attributed by tourists
Seals and penguins have no stress from tourists
Only 5% of 200 landing sites show wear and tear
What does SCAR stand for?
Scientific committee of Antarctic research
What does IAATO stand for?
International association of antarctic tour operations
