Antacids Flashcards
Main ingredients
Calcium carbonate, aluminum salts, or magnesium
Most commonly used antacid ingredients
combo of aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide
Gerd symptoms
Diagnositic procedure if complicated?
heartburn that occurs 30-60 mins after meal
Upper endoscopy with biopy; not needed if uncomplicated
Mechanism of antacida
Antacids are weak bases that neutralize gastric hydrochloric acid
First line treatment of GERD
PPI; goal is to suppress acid
PPI should be taken 30-60 mins prior to other meds/meals
Treatment for GERD
offer PPI full dose for 1-2 months
advise pt to not take PPI longer than 14 days without further eval
Treatment for GERD
Moderate symptoms: prescribe PPI for 4-8 weeks
severe symptoms: 8-12 weeks
if treatment doesn’t work, then antireflux surgery needed
How to take Antacids
take 1 hour before or 2 hours after taking other medications and with full glass of water
Antacids with calcium cause what?
Constipation
Avoid using antacids that contain mg in elderly with renal failure because?
they may develop hypermagnesemia
Antacids may cause
constipation with aluminium and diarrhea with magnesium
Peptic Ulcer disease causes
NSAIDS, Hpylori, and acid hypersecretory
Treatment of PUD
PPI as first line, encourage balanced meals, avoid caffeine, alcohol to moderation. H2 blockers are also helpful.
Treatment for Hpylori
H2 blocker or PPI with antibiotic for 14 days
How to give H2 blocker
give after meals; early evening is optimal time for once daily dosing; meds end with “tidine”
Unique thing about PPI?
require shorter duration of treatment, once daily dosing, give before meals
5 categories of laxatives
Bulk, stool softeners, osmotic, stimulants, and enemas
IBS
abdominal pain with defecation
What do laxatives do?
Increase fluid retention in the color, resulting in bulkier and softer stools
First line of treatment for constipation?
Bulk, then enemas, then stimulants
Unique thing about stool softeners
given for long-term
If patient has diarrhea, what tests do you order?
Fecal leukocytes, routine stool culture, CDIF, ova and parasite if patient has diarrhea for longer than 10 days, traveled to an endemic region, has HIV, or is a homo male
Treatment for CDIF
Flagyl 500 mg po TID x 10 days (mild)
Vancomycin 125 mg po QID X 10 days (severe)
What is Vertigo caused by?
inflammation of the semicircular canals of the inner ear
