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ANT205 Final Flashcards

1
Q

Stigma

A

BROWN&CLOSSER: Interested in how physical manifestation of illness relates to stigma and inner worth

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2
Q

Medical Pluralism

A

BROWN&CLOSSER: Multiple medical systems coexist in a single social context, and therefore people choose from a variety of medical- therapy options to deal with their complaints.

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3
Q

The Global Petri Dish

A

JORALEMON: A metaphor for how globalization facilitates disease spread and microbial evolution.

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4
Q

Sacrifice

A

SVENDSEN: How the piglets were seen as a sacrifice for the greater good of humanity

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5
Q

Emerging/Re-emerging Disease

A

JORALEMON: Diseases that are reemerging because of incomplete initial treatment or environmental factors.

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6
Q

Corporeal Exchange

A

SVENDSEN: Cannot disregard the sentient body of the piglets = forces researchers to grapple with the morality of taking away a life

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7
Q

Kinship as Being / Kinship as Doing

A

AMRITH&COE: Being: Kinship based on biological or inherent ties.
Doing: Kinship built through actions, care, and social practices.

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8
Q

The Patchy Anthropocene

A

BLANCHETTE: Effects of Anthropocene are uneven / inequitable across Global North and South experiences

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9
Q

Meaningful Decline

A

LAMB: In some cultures, death is not seen as taboo and is seen as something natural and something to look forward to

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10
Q

Social Soundness Guildelines

A

JORALEMON: research be carried out in communities prior to project planning so that interventions would match local needs and potential problems could be prevented.

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11
Q

Cruddiness

A

BADONE: A state of neither great crisis nor final redemption. Ex. Form of suffering that exists in Ontario’s long care systems.

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12
Q

Gamete

A

DEOMAMPO: A reproductive cell (sperm or egg) involved in sexual reproduction.

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13
Q

Exchangeability

A

LECTURE: The capacity of an item to be replaced or traded, often within market systems.

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14
Q

Cumulative Advantage/Disadvantage

A

LECTURE: The compounding of benefits or disadvantages over time, leading to social inequality.

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15
Q

Bare Life

A

BADONE: Coined by Agamben = Absolute Basic Needs that do not include socialization and enrichment.

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16
Q

Fecal Dust Storms

A

BLANCHETTE: Gusts of wind that carry dust and excrement, affecting people in low income areas who are situated near hog farms.

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17
Q

Ethical Variability

A

PETRYNA: The adaptation or negotiation of ethical standards to fit specific cultural, regulatory, or economic contexts, particularly in global clinical trials. -> How international ethical guidelines are being recast as trials for global research. Ex. How ethics are compromised in medicine testing in Global South countries (commodification of the body)

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18
Q

Calculative Exchange

A

SVENDSEN: Exchange of pigs and babies = morally acceptable because of science which makes human health more valuable

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19
Q

Disposable Kin

A

AMRITH&COE: The exploitation or marginalization of familial relationships, often seen in contexts like organ donation or surrogacy for economic purposes.

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20
Q

Organ Commodification

A

MONIRUZZAMAN: The treatment of human organs as marketable goods, often leading to ethical and societal debates about exploitation and agency.

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21
Q

Invisible Stigmatized Conditions (Disclosure)

A

BROWN&CLOSSER: Invisible manifestations of illness may force the patient to reveal their illness

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22
Q

Living Waste

A

BLANCHETTE: Living Waste is the excrement which not only chemically affects the people who are around it, but can also spread through the atmosphere to others

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23
Q

Racialized Commodities

A

DEOMAMPO: Specific racial categories are fetishized for various reasons. Ex. Asian genes are popular because of their connotations to intelligence

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24
Q

Hierarchy of Resort

A

BROWN&CLOSSER: The hierarchy of which patients seek medical help = home remedies -> family -> doctors, etc.

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25
Risk Reduction Workshops
JORALEMON: Programs designed to educate individuals on minimizing health risks, such as in HIV prevention.
26
Horizontal Gene Transfer
BLANCHETTE: The transfer of genetic material between organisms without sexual reproduction, contributing to traits like antibiotic resistance.
27
Biological Citizenship
PETRYNA: The government's ideas on biology influence social control and action. Ex. The Government did not want to acknowledge Chernobyl, causing many residents to undergo disastrous biological effects, which empowered them to fight for change.
28
Emotional Labor
LECTURE: Coined by Hochschild - The often unnoticed regulation of emotions in work roles. Ex. Emotional Labor of mothers who do not have aids
29
Bioethics
PETRYNA: The study of ethical principles and moral dilemmas in medicine and biology, focusing on issues like consent, equity, and human rights.
30
Kinship and Care
LECTURE: "Care" has been commodified into a luxury which reinforces kinship between family and caretaker
31
Bioviolence
MONIRUZZAMAN: The use of biological materials or knowledge for harmful purposes, such as bioterrorism or unethical experimentation.
32
Autonomy and Agency of Poor Donating Their Organs
MONIRUZZAMAN: Structural Violence that allows body commodification to occur in marginalized and poor communities
33
Zoonosis
LECTURE: Diseases transmitted from animals to humans, such as Ebola or avian flu.
34
Disability
BROWN&CLOSSER: Physical, mental, or sensory impairments affecting participation in societal activities.
35
Three Epidemiological Transitions
JORALEMON: 1st: Rise of infectious diseases with agriculture. 2nd: Decline in infections and rise in chronic diseases. 3rd: Re-emergence of infectious diseases due to globalization and resistance.
36
Singularization
LECTURE: The process of removing a commodity from its market context to make it unique, personal, or sacred.
37
Bio-Commodities
DEOMAMPO Biological materials treated as tradable goods in markets, such as blood, organs, or genetic information. -> liver and genetic makeup / DNA
38
Permanent Personhood
LAMB: Personhood extends even in old age. Ex. retirement is the continuity of personhood and being able to do daily tasks/hobbies
39
Successful Aging
LAMB: A model focusing on maintaining health, activity, and social engagement in later life.
40
Pharmaceuticalized Bodies
PETRYNA: The conceptualization of bodies as sites needing pharmaceutical intervention to manage health, illness, or productivity. -> Bodies that have had exposure to medicines which make testing difficult as they are "unpure"
41
Living Cadavers
MONIRUZZAMAN: Brain-dead individuals maintained on life support to preserve organs for donation.
42
Life Course
LECTURE: Coined by Vern Bengston = life courses are intertwined with others (kinship ideas)
43
Cultural Competency
JORALEMON: Cultural Competency is the belief that culture is important in medicine and treatment. However, this has the possibility of stereotyping individuals or groups and creating inequitable care.
44
Biomedical Technologies
MONIRUZZAMAN: Technologies and techniques derived from biological sciences, used to diagnose, treat, or modify biological processes.
45
Antibiotics Resistance
BLANCHETTE: The ability of bacteria to resist antibiotics, often caused by overuse or misuse of these drugs.
46
One Health
JORALEMON: The idea that other species' health is relevant to human health
47
Cultural Humility
BROWN&CLOSSER: Cultural self-reflection and self-critique. Failure of self-awareness contributes to lack of awareness necessary for respectful attitudes towards different points of views.
48
Substitution
SVENDSEN: How piglets were substituted and seen as babies to undergo testing.
49
Treatment Naivete
PETRYNA: The lack of prior exposure to a medical treatment or drug, often sought in clinical trials to eliminate confounding variables. -> These people are valuable in drug testing fields and usually found in low income communities where healthcare is inaccessible
50
Spare Parts
MONIRUZZAMAN: Concept that bodies are made of spare parts that can be sold and bought at any time. Lines between exchange and use value are blurred
51
Placebo vs. Active Control Trial
PETRYNA: A trial comparing a placebo (inactive treatment) to an active control (a standard treatment) to evaluate a new therapy's efficacy.
52
The Ideology of Hostile Worlds/Separate Spheres
LECTURE: Love in return for Love in Families and Money in return for Services in market exchanges
53
Microcredit Loans
MONIRUZZAMAN Small-scale loans given to individuals, often women, to encourage entrepreneurship and reduce poverty, sometimes linked to medical tourism or organ trade.
54
Explanatory Models
BROWN&CLOSSER: Coined by Arthur Kleinman = Describes individuals’ cognitive models of their own illnesses as these models relate to cultural issues in clinical settings.
55
Commodity Fetishism
LECTURE: Treating the commodity as if its value were a magical property inherent in the thing itself (Unconnected to human labor). Ex. The value of an item does not stem from how it is produced
56
Community Participatory Involvement
JORALEMON: a model in which participants were actively engaged in every aspect of research and planning for change. The new language called for “participatory research,” “participatory action research,” “cooperative inquiry” and “empowmerment evaluation”
57
Re-biologizing Race
DEOMAMPO: The resurgence of biologically based explanations for racial differences, often critiqued for perpetuating essentialist views.
58
Population Aging
LAMB: The demographic trend of an increasing proportion of older individuals in a population.
59
Stratified Reproduction
LECTURE: reproduction is structured by gender and class relations of economic inequality. Ex. healthcare workers in the Global South work overseas because of better pay and livelihood, but this disadvantages their home countries which fund their education
60
Surplus Value
BLANCHETTE: The additional value created by labor beyond what workers are compensated for, a core concept in Marxist economics.
61
Biomaterial
DEOMAMPO: Biological substances like tissues, cells, or DNA used in medical or research contexts.
62
Commodification of Bodies
LECTURE: The process of turning human bodies or parts into marketable goods.
63
Reproductive Technology
DEOMAMPO: Techniques and tools to assist reproduction, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) or egg freezing.
64
Politics of Labor
BLANCHETTE: The social and economic dimensions of work, particularly in contexts of bodily labor or exploitation.
65
Stratified Care Work
LECTURE: The unequal distribution of caregiving labor, reflecting social hierarchies based on class, race, or gender.
66
Helsinki Declaration
PETRYNA: A set of international ethical guidelines established by the World Medical Association to regulate research involving human participants -> An example of International Research Ethics stemming from Nazi experiments on Jews
67
Chronic Illness and Sick Role
BROWN&CLOSSER: Sick Role must be addressed and managed differently for those with chronic illnesses as there is no simple cure

Y2 (8 decks)

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