Ant/Lat Leg and Dorsum of Foot

Question 1

Tibialis Anterior

Answer 1

O: Tibia, Interosseous Membrane and Fibula
I: Base of the 1st Metatarsal, Medial Cuneiform
Inner: Deep Fibular N.
Action: Inversion and Dorsiflexion of the Foot

Question 2

Extensor Hallucis Longus

Answer 2

O: Tibia, Interosseous Membrane and Fibula
I: Distal Phalanx of Great Toe
Inner: Deep Fibular N.
Action: Extension of the Great Toe  
             Inversion of the Foot 
             Dorsiflexion of the Foot

Question 3

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Answer 3

O: Tibia, Interosseous Membrane and Fibula
I: Extensor Expansion of Digits 2-5
Inner: Deep Fibular N.
Action: Extension of Digits 2-5 
             Dorsiflexion of the Foot

Question 4

Fibularis Tertius

Answer 4

O: Fibula
I: Base of the 5th Metatarsal
Inner: Deep Fibular N.
Action: Eversion and Dorsiflexion of the Foot

Question 5

Fibularis Longus

Answer 5

O: Fibula, Upper 1/3
I: Base of the 1st Metatarsal, Medial Cuneiform
Inner: Superficial Fibular N.
Action: Eversion of the Foot
Assist in Plantarflexion
Support of Arches

Question 6

Fibularis Brevis

Answer 6

O: Fibula, Lower 2/3
I: Base of the 5th Metatarsal
Inner: Superficial Fibular N.
Action: Eversion

Question 7

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Answer 7

O: Calcaneus
I: Extensor Expansion of Digits 2-4
Inner: Deep Fibular N.
Action: Extension of Digits 2-4

Question 8

Extensor Hallucis Brevis

Answer 8

O: Calcaneus
I: Base of Proximal Phalanx of Digit 1
Inner: Deep Fibular N.
Action: Extension of the Great Toe

Question 9

The ankle joint is a hinge joint allowing only which two motions?

Answer 9

dorsal and plantar flexion

Question 10

The joint where the foot and leg meet is called what?

Answer 10

the talocrural joint. Both leg bones are involved in the talocrural joint, so that the talus is firmly grasped, as if in a vise, by the malleolae of the distal fibula and tibia,. Clearly this prevents all motions except flexion in the plantar and dorsal directions.

Question 11

What major joint contributes to inversion and eversion? What joint helps with these motions?

Answer 11

1) subtalar joint. The talus articulates with both the calcaneus and navicular but the term “subtalar joint” only refers to the talocalcaneal joint.
2) transverse tarsal joint

Question 12

What are inversion and eversion?

Answer 12

turning of the whole sole of the foot inward or outward, respectively. Inversion and eversion are movements of only the lifted foot (not planted).

Question 13

What are pronation and supination of the foot?

Answer 13

Pronation is rotating the front of the foot laterally relative to the back of the foot and supination is the reverse movement.

Pronation and supination allow the foot to maintain normal contact with the ground when in different stances or when standing on irregular surfaces.

Question 14

Where is the transverse tarsal joint?

Answer 14

Located in the plane between the talus and calcaneus bones and the navicular and cuboid bones.

Question 15

What ligaments aid in probation and supination?

Answer 15

transverse tarsal joint and tarsometatarsal joint

The transverse tarsal joint also contributes to inversion and eversion.

Question 16

What muscles cause pronation and supination of the foot?

Answer 16

None. You will not find pronation or supination of the foot in any muscle table because these are not movements caused by muscles. They are joint movements distinct from inversion and eversion that are the result of body weight being transmitted to the feet in normal walking (or running) and on standing on irregular ground

Question 17

Where is the tarsometatarsal joint located?

Answer 17

In the plane between the metacarpals of the foot and the cuneiform bones

Question 18

The enveloping deep fascia of the leg is called the

Answer 18

crural fascia. It’s continuous with the fascia lata of the thigh

Question 19

Are the fascias of the lower extremity stronger or weaker than the corresponding fascia in the upper limb?

Answer 19

Stronger because of the important anti-gravity role that they play. Not only do you have to return venous blood against a gravity gradient, you also have to just hold things in.

Question 20

What are the boundaries of the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 20

fibula
anterior intermuscular (IM) septum
posterior intermuscular (IM)
septum crural fascia

Question 21

What are the boundaries of the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 21

tibia
fibula
interosseous membrane (IM)
crural fascia

Question 22

What two muscles comprise the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 22

fibularis longus and brevis. The tendons of both cross behind the lateral malleolus as they course into the foot.

Question 23

Describe the route of the common fibular nerve in the leg

Answer 23

The common fibular nerve continues around the neck of the fibula and enters the lateral compartment by passing between the attachments of the fibularis longus muscle to the head and shaft of the fibula. Here the common fibular nerve divides into its two terminal branches: the superficial fibular nerve and the deep fibular nerve.

Question 24

The arches of the foot are maintained by what?

Answer 24

The arches are maintained by ligaments and by the shapes of the bony articulations.

No muscles contribute to maintaining the longitudinal arches.

The tibialis anterior (anterior compartment) and tibialis posterior (a calf, or posterior compartment muscle) help to main the transverse arch.

Question 25

Where does the anterior tibial artery enter the lower leg?

Answer 25

The anterior tibial artery passes forward through the aperture in the upper part of the interosseous membrane and enters and supplies the anterior compartment of the leg. It continues inferiorly onto the dorsal aspect of the foot.

Question 26

After crossing beneath the inferior extensor retinaculum, the anterior tibial artery changes name to the?

Answer 26

dorsalis pedis artery

Question 27

Where does the dorsalis pedis artery terminate?

Answer 27

It terminates at the proximal part of the first intermetatarsal space, where it divides into two branches, the first dorsal metatarsal artery and the deep plantar artery

Question 28

Where can the dorsalis pedis artery pulse be palpated?

Answer 28

lateral to the extensor hallucis longus tendon (or medially to the extensor digitorum longus tendon) on the dorsal surface of the foot, distal to the dorsal most prominence of the navicular bone which serves as a reliable landmark for palpation.

Question 29

Describe the origin, route and anastomose of the anterior medial amellolar artery

Answer 29

The anterior medial malleolar artery arise from the anterior tibial artery close to the talocrural joint, passes medially behind the tendons of the extensor hallucis longus and tibialis anterior muscles, to the medial side of the ankle, upon which it ramifies, anastomosing with branches of the posterior tibial and medial plantar arteries and with the medial calcaneal from the posterior tibial.

Question 30

Describe the origin, route and anastomose of the anterior lateral amellolar artery

Answer 30

The anterior lateral malleolar artery a branch of the anterior tibial artery. It arises close to or superior the talocrural joint, passes beneath the tendons of the extensor digitorum longus and fibularis tertius and supplies the lateral side of the ankle. It forms anastomoses with the perforating branch of the fibular artery, and with ascending twigs from the lateral tarsal artery.

Question 31

Describe the origin, route and anastomose of the lateral tarsal artery

Answer 31

The lateral tarsal artery (tarsal artery) arises from the dorsalis pedis, as that vessel crosses the navicular bone; it passes in an arched direction lateralward, lying upon the tarsal bones, and covered by the extensor digitorum brevis; it supplies this muscle and the articulations of the tarsus, and anastomoses with branches of the arcuate, anterior lateral malleolar and lateral plantar arteries

It runs with the lateral terminal branch of deep fibular nerve.

Question 32

Describe the origin, route and anastomose of the medial tarsal artery

Answer 32

The medial tarsal arteries are two or three small branches which ramify on the medial border of the foot and join the medial malleolar network. They branch off the dorsal pedis artery over or close to the cuboid bone.

Question 33

The deep plantar branch of the dorsalis pedis anastomoses with what?

Answer 33

the lateral plantar artery in the plantar arch

Question 34

Describe the origin, route and anastomose of the arcuate artery

Answer 34

branches of the dorsalis pedis and travels laterally. Runs beneath the tendons of extensor digitorum brevis, over the bases of the metatarsal bones and gives off dorsal metatarsal and dorsal digital arteries in a pattern similar to that seen in the hand

anastomoses with the lateral tarsal artery

Question 35

dorsal digital arteries anastamose with what?

Answer 35

plantar digital arteries

Question 36

On the medial side of the leg after exiting the adductor canal and piercing vastus medialis, the saphenous nerve parallels the course of what?

Answer 36

the great saphenous vein

Question 37

The deep fibular nerve provides cutaneous invitation to what area of the foot?

Answer 37

In between digits 1 and 2.

Question 38

The majority of the dorsum of the foot (except the lateral half of digit 5 and in between digits 1 and 2) has cutaneous innervation provided by which nerve?

Answer 38

superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve

Question 39

The inferior retinaculum is V-shaped and extends between which three structures?

Answer 39

calcaneus, medial malleolus, and fascia of the sole of the foot

Question 40

What travels with the anterior tibial vessels in the anterior leg?

Answer 40

the deep fibular nerve

Question 41

The anterior tibial vessels and the deep fibular nerve travel in the seam of which two muscles in the anterior leg?

Answer 41

tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus

Question 42

the superficial fibular nerve travels superficial to which muscle as it descends down the leg?

Answer 42

fibularis longus

Question 43

the anterior tibial artery becomes the dorsalis pedis artery after passing deep and distal to which structure?

Answer 43

the inferior retinaculum

Question 44

the anterior tibial artery arises where?

Answer 44

from the popliteal artery at the inferior border of the pollutes muscle in the lower aspect of the popliteal fossa