Ant. And Post. Pituitary

Question 1

Patient with dwarfism is treated by?

Answer 1

Synthetic recombinant human GH (Somatotropin)

Question 2

Patient has sudden increase of GH after puberty, what medication suits him the best?

Answer 2

Somatostatin (GHIH)
Pegvisomat (GH receptor antagonist)

Question 3

Neumerate the therapeutic uses of somatropin?

Answer 3

Treatment of GH deficiency
TTT of GH failure
Antiaging hormone

Question 4

Patient is taking somatropin for growth failure, what are the expected adverse effects?

Answer 4

Pain at the injection site
Edema, arthralgia, myalgia
Flu-like symptoms
Increased risk of diabetes

Question 5

What are the synthetic analogs of somatostatin called?

Answer 5

Octreotide, lanreotide

Question 6

Octreotide, lanreotide are used to treat what?

Answer 6

Acromegaly

Question 7

Patient is taking somatostatin for treating acromegaly, what are the suspected adverse effects?

Answer 7

GIT
Gallbladder emptying is delayed, asymptomatic cholesterol gallstones occur w long-term TTT

Question 8

What is the refractory TTT to other modes of therapy? And what’s it’s Ad

Answer 8

Pegvisomant
Growth of the GH-secreting pituitary tumors
Increase in liver enzymes

Question 9

What are used for TTT of hyperprolactenemia?

Answer 9

Bromocriptine and cabergoline
Dopamine agonist

Question 10

Bromocriptine and cabergoline Uses?

Answer 10

TTT hyperprolactenemia
Prevent breast engorgemenf when breast-feeding is not desired

Question 11

Bromocriptine and cabergoline adverse effects are?

Answer 11

Headache light-Headness, orthostatic Hypotension, fatigue
Psychiatric manifestations
Cold induces Peripheral digital vasospasm
Pulmonary infiltrates

Question 12

Can we use dopamine agonists in early stages of pregnancy?

Answer 12

No, Spontaneous abortion or congenital malformation

Question 13

What’s expected in cases of supressing postpartum lactation?

Answer 13

Stroke or coronary thrombosis

Question 14

Nausea can be reduced in cases of taking bromocriptine?

Answer 14

Cabergoline
Vaginal administration
Start w lower doses and increase gradually

Question 15

Oxytocin Therapeutic uses?

Answer 15

To induce labor
To control postpartum hemorrhage

Question 16

Oxytocin adverse effects are?

Answer 16

Excessive stimulation of uterine contractions, fetal distress, placental abruption, uterine rupture
Activation of AVP receptors, excessive fluid retention, water intoxication, hyponatremia, HF, seizures, Death
Bolus injection can cause hypotension

Question 17

Is there any contra of oxytocin?

Answer 17

Fetal distress, prematurity, abnormal fetal lresentation, cephalopelvic disproportion, and other predispositions for uterine rupture

Question 18

Oxytocin antagonist is called? What is it used for? How?

Answer 18

Atosiban, TTT for preterm labor
Reduces the frequency of uterine contactions to delay pre-term birth
Iv
Inhibitor of oxytocin and AVP

Question 19

Vasopressin and desmopressin used to treat what?

Answer 19

DI
Desmopressin: noctural enuresis
Vasopressin: ttt of bleeding esophageal varices and colonic diverticular bleeding

Question 20

Vasopressin and desmopressin adverse effect

Answer 20

Headache, nausea, abdominal cramps, agitation, allergic reaction
Vasopressin: vasoconstriction
Overdose: hyponatremia n seizures

Question 21

Vasopressin antagonist are? What are they used for?

Answer 21

Conivaptan, Tolvaptan
Hyponatremia, CHF, cirrhosis, SIADH