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Ant 202 Terry jones final > Ant 202 final terry jones > Flashcards

Ant 202 final terry jones Flashcards

1
Q

Paleoindian

A

Pre 10,000BP, fluted points, narrow spectrum big game hunting

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2
Q

formative

A

sedentary, large communities

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3
Q

Archaic

A

broad spectrum hunting/ gathering in new world only

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4
Q

Classic

A

peak of cultural above ground architecture achievement, platform mounds for religious/elite activities, chiefdom, multicolored pottery

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5
Q

Post-Classic

A

post 1400 AD, major cultural collapse

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6
Q

Social Stratification

A

society broken into ranked groups

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7
Q

Paramount chief

A

highest level chief in a Chiefdom

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8
Q

Primary traits of civilization

A

Urbanization, labor specialization, social stratification, food surplus, states

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9
Q

City

A

more than 25,000 people

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10
Q

Secondary traits of civilization

A

water control, writing, monumental architecture

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11
Q

Chiefdoms

A

simple, top leader over everyone else

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12
Q

States

A

complex, many tiered political structure

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13
Q

Urbanization

A

Cities, more than 25,000 people (what phenom)

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14
Q

Medieval Climatic Anomaly

A

800-1350 AD, unusually long droughts (different parts of the world)

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15
Q

Human Sacrifice

A

n Mississippian culture, questioned at mound 72

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16
Q

New Kingdom

A

1600-1000 BC, no pyramids, mummification/massive tombs for rulers

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17
Q

Old Kingdom

A

2700-2200 BC, 3rd-6th dynasties, huge pyramids, Giza pyramid of Khufu

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18
Q

Ancestral Pueblo/Anasazi

A

500 BC- 1300 AD, formative (what civilization)

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19
Q

Late Archaic in the Southwest

A

2000-500 BC, maize cultivation

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20
Q

Basketmaker II

A

500 BC-600 AD, formative, pithouses, very little pottery, reliance on corn/ squash, storage pits, baskets and nets

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21
Q

Basketmaker III

A

600-750 AD, formative, well-made gray pottery, domestication of beans, pithouses

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22
Q

Pueblo I

A

750-900 AD, formative, above ground architecture (aka pueblos), kivas

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23
Q

Pueblo II

A

900-1150 AD, classic, Chaco canyon and Mesa Verde, phase in anasazi sequence

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24
Q

Pueblo III

A

1150-1300 AD, classic, clifftop living in Mesa Verde (defense), violence raiding and warfare (Haas and Creamer), case for cannibalism, abandonment b/c drought

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25
Q

Pueblo IV

A

1300-1400 AD, post-classic, pop decline

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26
Q

Mogollon Sequence

A

Pithouse

Pueblo (what sequence)

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27
Q

Pithouse

A

200-1000 AD, formative,square pithouses wtih storage, serious use of corn, brown pottery

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28
Q

Pueblo

A

1000-1300 AD, formative, above ground architecture, mimbres pottery, great kivas (religion)

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29
Q

Hohokam Sequence

A 
San Pedro Phase
Early Preclassic
Late Preclassic
Classic Period
(what sequence)
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30
Q

Early Preclassic

A

200-750 AD, first buff colored pottery, arrow points reliance on corn/ squash, formal deep pithouses

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31
Q

Late Preclassic

A

750-1150 AD, snaketown, pithouses, irrigation, ball courts, elaborate pottery

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32
Q

Classic Period

A

1150-1400 AD, ground architecture with woven tops, mounds, multicolored pottery

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33
Q

Eastern North America

A

Formative
Woodland
(where located)

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34
Q

Apache

A

In mogollon sequence, southern New Mexico, Brown pottery

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35
Q

Zuni, Hopi, Navajo

A

P4, last Anasazi left at present day sites of Pueblo Indians (tribes)

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36
Q

Pima/papago

A

where Hohokam sequence is, buff-colored pottery

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37
Q

Formative in the eastern north America sequence

A

2000-500 BC, poverty point, conical mounds

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38
Q

Woodland Period

A

post 500 BC, burial mounds, Eastern North America (what period)

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39
Q

Moundbuilders

A

3 cultures are moundbuilders- Adena, Hopewell and Mississippian, first two are primarily hunting and gathering

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40
Q

Adena Culture

A

500 BC- 400 AD, burial mounds, hunting/gathering, buildings in circles and squares (what culture)

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41
Q

Hopewell Culture

A

100-400 AD, Effigy mound (serpent), hunting and gathering, trade, platform pipes= art, copper artifacts, sophisticated pottery

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42
Q

Mississippian Culture

A

1000-1500 AD, intensive maize use, storage, formative settlements by rivers, Monk’s mound, Cahokia(1st city), palisades(walls that enclose)

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43
Q

Olmec

A

1500-500 BC, massive stone heads, pyramids, glyphs,ex= La Venta San Lorenzo

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44
Q

Preclassic maya

A

1500 BC- 250 AD, monumental structures, ball courts, long distance trade, writing, ex= El mirador

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45
Q

Lekson’s theory of the Chacoan state

A

struggle for power, Chacoan leadership moved and resettled, chocolate and feathers (what theory)

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46
Q

Cannibalism in the Southwest

A

Turner= charnel deposits, White= “pot polish”, Marlar= coprolite
(shows what possibility?)

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47
Q

Inter-group violence

A

Haas and Creamer, during P3, cliff living for defense shows what?

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48
Q

The Great drought and its impacts

A

1276-1300 AD, wiped out many cultures, found by dendrochronology

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49
Q

Childe’s Urban Revolution

A

Childe hierarchy, need for traders and accountants, increase food production, labor specialization

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50
Q

Boserup’s Population Pressure theory

A

cities are being pushed into agriculture b/c of pop growth

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51
Q

The Hydraulic state theory

A

Karl Wittfoegl, hierarchy, comes from complex large scale irrigation systems

52
Q

Warfare theory

A

Cairnero, hierarchy, from management needs of warfare (what theory)

53
Q

Theories of the Mayan origins

A

Reilly, derived from Olmecs (minority view)

Matheny, independent local origin

54
Q

Olmec Horizon

A

Coe, single state created by conquest, maybe diffusion (external contact) w/ artifact evidence from africa, china, egypt and poverty pt.

55
Q

Esther Boserup

A

hierarchical power structure of states simple reflection of pop pressure, push theory

56
Q

Christy Turner

A

Cannibalism in Pueblo III, found charred deposit

57
Q

Tim White

A

Cannibalism in Pueblo III, “pot polish” (who proposed)

58
Q

Richard Marlar

A

Cannibalism in Pueblo III, coprolite (who found)

59
Q

Steven Lekson

A

says Chacoan culture is more complex than chiefdom, trade evidence of chocolate and feathers

60
Q

Haas and Creamer

A

P3 people live in cliffs for defense (who proposed)

61
Q

Coronado

A

a Spanish explorer who showed up long after the collapse of the Hohokam in Pueblo IV

62
Q

Richard MacNeish

A

discovered series of sites at Tehuacan Valley in mesoamerica

63
Q

Narmer

A

first pharaoh who unified two different groups by wearing hat that combines two cultures, old kingdom

64
Q

King tut

A

died young and got huge tomb (semi subterranean crypt), new kingdom

65
Q

V. Gordon Childe

A

Urban Revolution for abrupt emergence of hierarchical power structure of states (who proposed)

66
Q

Karl Wittfogel

A

the hydraulic state: hierarchy from the managements needs associated with large scale irrigation (who proposed)

67
Q

Robert Carneiro

A

Warfare: hierarchy from the management needs of warfare

68
Q

Poverty Point

A

1500-700 BC, late archaic site in SE, monumental architecture, parallel linear mounds, baked clay balls, crude pottery, atlatl

69
Q

Chaco Canyon

A

during P2, New Mexico, great houses, kivas and water control, abandonment 1150AD

70
Q

Mesa Verde

A

during P2, Colorado, above ground arch, mesa top settlements abandoned @ end of P2 1150 AD, cliff settlements during P3

71
Q

Pueblo Bonito

A

800-1100 AD, in Chaco canyon, Great houses (site)

72
Q

Snaketown

A

during the late preclassic in SW (Hokoham sequence), lots of pithouses (site)

73
Q

Tehuacan Valley

A

10,000 BC- 1000 AD, MacNeish, famous summary of ecofacts over time, corn use

74
Q

Giza

A

largest pyramid, made for Khufu, 4th dynasty, old kingdom

75
Q

Cahokia

A

1st city, mississippian culture, mound 72 abandoned 1250 b/c drought

76
Q

Serpent Mound

A

00-400 AD, part of hopewell culture, effigy mound

77
Q

Mesopotamia

A

4000 BC contains oldest civilizations/ cities in world

78
Q

Ur or Uruk

A

4500 BC, mesopotamian city, 1st true city in world, origin of writing

79
Q

La Venta

A

site of olmec civilization in what is now northern mexico

80
Q

San Lorenzo

A

site where olmec culture was present, 1st mesoamerican culture

81
Q

El Mirador

A

300 BC- 250 AD, example of formative (preclassic) Maya civilization, 6 sq miles, has ball court

82
Q

Wattle and daub

A

classic period in SW, woven structures with clay on top

83
Q

dendrochronology

A

tree ring dating

84
Q

Classic Maya

A

250-850 AD, Teotihuacan, 4 sites: Tikal, Copan, Palenque and Calakmul, competing Kingdoms, written glyph scripts, calendar/dates, ball game, Codices, Chichen Itza

85
Q

Post-Classic Maya

A

1100-1500AD, Toltecs, Aztecs

86
Q

Teotihuacan

A

200BC-750AD, Mexico, city of the gods, obsidian, >5000 structures, large ritural events=citadel, pyramid of sun and moon, avenue of the dead, no writing, collapse when city burned

87
Q

Toltecs

A

800-1200 AD, site=Tula, Quetzalcoatl serpent god, sculpted columns, 2 large ball courts, militarism and violence conquest, Toltec’s going north might have caused cannibalism in NA

88
Q

Aztecs

A

1200-1521AD, derived from Chichimecas, infor derived from codex, human sacrifice depicted in codex, peaceful initial expansion but quickly changed to violence, stratified society, irrigation in reverse, Aztec religion said blood sacrifice in order to make it rain

89
Q

Chichimecas

A

started as powerless group in swamp, invented reverse irrigation and turned into Aztecs

90
Q

Pochteca

A

trade people of the Aztec empire

91
Q

Pre-ceramic

A

8000-1500 BC, domestication of squash, cotton and potatoes 7000 BC (period of time)

92
Q

Ceramic

A

post 1500 BC, Chavin de huantar site, Sipan, north coast, river valleys dry and barren, flat topped adobe pyramids, craftsmanship, irrigation canals

93
Q

Caral-Supe

A

3000-1800 BC, earliest civilization in the new world, pyramids, irrigation, avocados, beans, cotton, quipu (net device to count and record info), Haas and Creamer

94
Q

Chimu

A

1000-1475 AD, square massive walled cities, Inca conquered them

95
Q

Moche

A

200 BC-600AD, famous for sex ceramics

96
Q

Inca

A

1438-1534 AD, Urubamba River, Pachacuti began rise of the empire, largest most sophisticated civilization in new world, military organization, remarkable stonework, road system, quipus, macho picchu site, rapid expansion 2 reasons: religious based benevolence & threats/violent conquest

97
Q

Theories of the Mayan Collapse

A

warfare, population too big (agriculture collapsed), drought (theories of what)

98
Q

Quetzalcoatl

A

feathered serpent God, Toltec culture

99
Q

Ruth Shady-Solis

A

discovered Caral-Supe

100
Q

Montezuma

A

Aztec emperor of Tenochitilan, “empty ruler”

101
Q

Hernan Cortez

A

Spanish conquistador, caused fall of Aztec Empire

102
Q

Decapitator

A

half man/half jaguar, Moche culture

103
Q

Walter Alva

A

discovered Sipan

104
Q

Francisco Pizarro

A

conquered Machu Picchu in 1534

105
Q

Atahualpa/Huascar

A

ruler/illegitimate half brother of Machu Picchu

106
Q

Garcilaso de la Vega

A

main, impartial Chronicler of Inca

107
Q

Hiram Bingham

A

made Machu Picchu existence known to public

108
Q

El mirador

A

300BC-250 AD, Mayan. Guatemala, covers 6 square miles

109
Q

Tikal

A

one of the four classic mayan cities (T___)

110
Q

Copan

A

one of the four classic mayan cities (C___)

111
Q

Palenque

A

one of the four classic mayan cities (P____)

112
Q

Calakmul

A

one of the four classic mayan cities (Ca___)

113
Q

Tula

A

mexico, Toltecs, sculpted columns, 2 large ball courts, military/violence

114
Q

Tenochtitlan

A

Aztecs, Chinampa agriculture, human sacrifice (city)

115
Q

Huaca del Sol

A

moche, pyramid made out of adobe bricks

116
Q

Chan Chan

A

1000-1475 AD, Chimu, rectangular “palaces” (site)

117
Q

Sipan

A

Ceramic, North Coast, Walter Alva, richest burial in new world

118
Q

Cusco

A

capital of Incan empire (what city)

119
Q

Sacsayhuaman

A

Inca, large rock fortress in Cusco

120
Q

Machu Picchu

A

Incas, ruled by Atahualpa/Huascar, conquered by Francisco Pizarro in 1534 (famous site)

121
Q

Urubamba River (Inca Sacred Valley)

A

Inca scared Valley, fertile farmland

122
Q

Monte Verde

A

Initial colonization (14K BP), Andean South America (site)

123
Q

Chichen Itza

A

Yucatan Mexico, houses el castillo (city)

124
Q

Chavin de Huantar

A

900BC-200BC, Andean South America, John Rick, New/Old temple w/ the Lanzon in the depths of the sunken plaza

125
Q

Domestication dates for South America

A

squash/cotton/potatoes 7000BC

126
Q

El Nino

A

“The Christ Childe”, period of rain after drought

Ant 202 Terry jones final (1 decks)

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