Ant 202 final terry jones Flashcards
1
Q
Paleoindian
A
Pre 10,000BP, fluted points, narrow spectrum big game hunting
2
Q
formative
A
sedentary, large communities
3
Q
Archaic
A
broad spectrum hunting/ gathering in new world only
4
Q
Classic
A
peak of cultural above ground architecture achievement, platform mounds for religious/elite activities, chiefdom, multicolored pottery
5
Q
Post-Classic
A
post 1400 AD, major cultural collapse
6
Q
Social Stratification
A
society broken into ranked groups
7
Q
Paramount chief
A
highest level chief in a Chiefdom
8
Q
Primary traits of civilization
A
Urbanization, labor specialization, social stratification, food surplus, states
9
Q
City
A
more than 25,000 people
10
Q
Secondary traits of civilization
A
water control, writing, monumental architecture
11
Q
Chiefdoms
A
simple, top leader over everyone else
12
Q
States
A
complex, many tiered political structure
13
Q
Urbanization
A
Cities, more than 25,000 people (what phenom)
14
Q
Medieval Climatic Anomaly
A
800-1350 AD, unusually long droughts (different parts of the world)
15
Q
Human Sacrifice
A
n Mississippian culture, questioned at mound 72
16
Q
New Kingdom
A
1600-1000 BC, no pyramids, mummification/massive tombs for rulers
17
Q
Old Kingdom
A
2700-2200 BC, 3rd-6th dynasties, huge pyramids, Giza pyramid of Khufu
18
Q
Ancestral Pueblo/Anasazi
A
500 BC- 1300 AD, formative (what civilization)
19
Q
Late Archaic in the Southwest
A
2000-500 BC, maize cultivation
20
Q
Basketmaker II
A
500 BC-600 AD, formative, pithouses, very little pottery, reliance on corn/ squash, storage pits, baskets and nets
21
Q
Basketmaker III
A
600-750 AD, formative, well-made gray pottery, domestication of beans, pithouses
22
Q
Pueblo I
A
750-900 AD, formative, above ground architecture (aka pueblos), kivas
23
Q
Pueblo II
A
900-1150 AD, classic, Chaco canyon and Mesa Verde, phase in anasazi sequence
24
Q
Pueblo III
A
1150-1300 AD, classic, clifftop living in Mesa Verde (defense), violence raiding and warfare (Haas and Creamer), case for cannibalism, abandonment b/c drought
25
Pueblo IV
1300-1400 AD, post-classic, pop decline
26
Mogollon Sequence
Pithouse
| Pueblo (what sequence)
27
Pithouse
200-1000 AD, formative,square pithouses wtih storage, serious use of corn, brown pottery
28
Pueblo
1000-1300 AD, formative, above ground architecture, mimbres pottery, great kivas (religion)
29
Hohokam Sequence
```
San Pedro Phase
Early Preclassic
Late Preclassic
Classic Period
(what sequence)
```
30
Early Preclassic
200-750 AD, first buff colored pottery, arrow points reliance on corn/ squash, formal deep pithouses
31
Late Preclassic
750-1150 AD, snaketown, pithouses, irrigation, ball courts, elaborate pottery
32
Classic Period
1150-1400 AD, ground architecture with woven tops, mounds, multicolored pottery
33
Eastern North America
Formative
Woodland
(where located)
34
Apache
In mogollon sequence, southern New Mexico, Brown pottery
35
Zuni, Hopi, Navajo
P4, last Anasazi left at present day sites of Pueblo Indians (tribes)
36
Pima/papago
where Hohokam sequence is, buff-colored pottery
37
Formative in the eastern north America sequence
2000-500 BC, poverty point, conical mounds
38
Woodland Period
post 500 BC, burial mounds, Eastern North America (what period)
39
Moundbuilders
3 cultures are moundbuilders- Adena, Hopewell and Mississippian, first two are primarily hunting and gathering
40
Adena Culture
500 BC- 400 AD, burial mounds, hunting/gathering, buildings in circles and squares (what culture)
41
Hopewell Culture
100-400 AD, Effigy mound (serpent), hunting and gathering, trade, platform pipes= art, copper artifacts, sophisticated pottery
42
Mississippian Culture
1000-1500 AD, intensive maize use, storage, formative settlements by rivers, Monk's mound, Cahokia(1st city), palisades(walls that enclose)
43
Olmec
1500-500 BC, massive stone heads, pyramids, glyphs,ex= La Venta San Lorenzo
44
Preclassic maya
1500 BC- 250 AD, monumental structures, ball courts, long distance trade, writing, ex= El mirador
45
Lekson's theory of the Chacoan state
struggle for power, Chacoan leadership moved and resettled, chocolate and feathers (what theory)
46
Cannibalism in the Southwest
Turner= charnel deposits, White= "pot polish", Marlar= coprolite
(shows what possibility?)
47
Inter-group violence
Haas and Creamer, during P3, cliff living for defense shows what?
48
The Great drought and its impacts
1276-1300 AD, wiped out many cultures, found by dendrochronology
49
Childe's Urban Revolution
Childe hierarchy, need for traders and accountants, increase food production, labor specialization
50
Boserup's Population Pressure theory
cities are being pushed into agriculture b/c of pop growth
51
The Hydraulic state theory
Karl Wittfoegl, hierarchy, comes from complex large scale irrigation systems
52
Warfare theory
Cairnero, hierarchy, from management needs of warfare (what theory)
53
Theories of the Mayan origins
Reilly, derived from Olmecs (minority view)
| Matheny, independent local origin
54
Olmec Horizon
Coe, single state created by conquest, maybe diffusion (external contact) w/ artifact evidence from africa, china, egypt and poverty pt.
55
Esther Boserup
hierarchical power structure of states simple reflection of pop pressure, push theory
56
Christy Turner
Cannibalism in Pueblo III, found charred deposit
57
Tim White
Cannibalism in Pueblo III, "pot polish" (who proposed)
58
Richard Marlar
Cannibalism in Pueblo III, coprolite (who found)
59
Steven Lekson
says Chacoan culture is more complex than chiefdom, trade evidence of chocolate and feathers
60
Haas and Creamer
P3 people live in cliffs for defense (who proposed)
61
Coronado
a Spanish explorer who showed up long after the collapse of the Hohokam in Pueblo IV
62
Richard MacNeish
discovered series of sites at Tehuacan Valley in mesoamerica
63
Narmer
first pharaoh who unified two different groups by wearing hat that combines two cultures, old kingdom
64
King tut
died young and got huge tomb (semi subterranean crypt), new kingdom
65
V. Gordon Childe
Urban Revolution for abrupt emergence of hierarchical power structure of states (who proposed)
66
Karl Wittfogel
the hydraulic state: hierarchy from the managements needs associated with large scale irrigation (who proposed)
67
Robert Carneiro
Warfare: hierarchy from the management needs of warfare
68
Poverty Point
1500-700 BC, late archaic site in SE, monumental architecture, parallel linear mounds, baked clay balls, crude pottery, atlatl
69
Chaco Canyon
during P2, New Mexico, great houses, kivas and water control, abandonment 1150AD
70
Mesa Verde
during P2, Colorado, above ground arch, mesa top settlements abandoned @ end of P2 1150 AD, cliff settlements during P3
71
Pueblo Bonito
800-1100 AD, in Chaco canyon, Great houses (site)
72
Snaketown
during the late preclassic in SW (Hokoham sequence), lots of pithouses (site)
73
Tehuacan Valley
10,000 BC- 1000 AD, MacNeish, famous summary of ecofacts over time, corn use
74
Giza
largest pyramid, made for Khufu, 4th dynasty, old kingdom
75
Cahokia
1st city, mississippian culture, mound 72 abandoned 1250 b/c drought
76
Serpent Mound
00-400 AD, part of hopewell culture, effigy mound
77
Mesopotamia
4000 BC contains oldest civilizations/ cities in world
78
Ur or Uruk
4500 BC, mesopotamian city, 1st true city in world, origin of writing
79
La Venta
site of olmec civilization in what is now northern mexico
80
San Lorenzo
site where olmec culture was present, 1st mesoamerican culture
81
El Mirador
300 BC- 250 AD, example of formative (preclassic) Maya civilization, 6 sq miles, has ball court
82
Wattle and daub
classic period in SW, woven structures with clay on top
83
dendrochronology
tree ring dating
84
Classic Maya
250-850 AD, Teotihuacan, 4 sites: Tikal, Copan, Palenque and Calakmul, competing Kingdoms, written glyph scripts, calendar/dates, ball game, Codices, Chichen Itza
85
Post-Classic Maya
1100-1500AD, Toltecs, Aztecs
86
Teotihuacan
200BC-750AD, Mexico, city of the gods, obsidian, >5000 structures, large ritural events=citadel, pyramid of sun and moon, avenue of the dead, no writing, collapse when city burned
87
Toltecs
800-1200 AD, site=Tula, Quetzalcoatl serpent god, sculpted columns, 2 large ball courts, militarism and violence conquest, Toltec's going north might have caused cannibalism in NA
88
Aztecs
1200-1521AD, derived from Chichimecas, infor derived from codex, human sacrifice depicted in codex, peaceful initial expansion but quickly changed to violence, stratified society, irrigation in reverse, Aztec religion said blood sacrifice in order to make it rain
89
Chichimecas
started as powerless group in swamp, invented reverse irrigation and turned into Aztecs
90
Pochteca
trade people of the Aztec empire
91
Pre-ceramic
8000-1500 BC, domestication of squash, cotton and potatoes 7000 BC (period of time)
92
Ceramic
post 1500 BC, Chavin de huantar site, Sipan, north coast, river valleys dry and barren, flat topped adobe pyramids, craftsmanship, irrigation canals
93
Caral-Supe
3000-1800 BC, earliest civilization in the new world, pyramids, irrigation, avocados, beans, cotton, quipu (net device to count and record info), Haas and Creamer
94
Chimu
1000-1475 AD, square massive walled cities, Inca conquered them
95
Moche
200 BC-600AD, famous for sex ceramics
96
Inca
1438-1534 AD, Urubamba River, Pachacuti began rise of the empire, largest most sophisticated civilization in new world, military organization, remarkable stonework, road system, quipus, macho picchu site, rapid expansion 2 reasons: religious based benevolence & threats/violent conquest
97
Theories of the Mayan Collapse
warfare, population too big (agriculture collapsed), drought (theories of what)
98
Quetzalcoatl
feathered serpent God, Toltec culture
99
Ruth Shady-Solis
discovered Caral-Supe
100
Montezuma
Aztec emperor of Tenochitilan, "empty ruler"
101
Hernan Cortez
Spanish conquistador, caused fall of Aztec Empire
102
Decapitator
half man/half jaguar, Moche culture
103
Walter Alva
discovered Sipan
104
Francisco Pizarro
conquered Machu Picchu in 1534
105
Atahualpa/Huascar
ruler/illegitimate half brother of Machu Picchu
106
Garcilaso de la Vega
main, impartial Chronicler of Inca
107
Hiram Bingham
made Machu Picchu existence known to public
108
El mirador
300BC-250 AD, Mayan. Guatemala, covers 6 square miles
109
Tikal
one of the four classic mayan cities (T___)
110
Copan
one of the four classic mayan cities (C___)
111
Palenque
one of the four classic mayan cities (P____)
112
Calakmul
one of the four classic mayan cities (Ca___)
113
Tula
mexico, Toltecs, sculpted columns, 2 large ball courts, military/violence
114
Tenochtitlan
Aztecs, Chinampa agriculture, human sacrifice (city)
115
Huaca del Sol
moche, pyramid made out of adobe bricks
116
Chan Chan
1000-1475 AD, Chimu, rectangular "palaces" (site)
117
Sipan
Ceramic, North Coast, Walter Alva, richest burial in new world
118
Cusco
capital of Incan empire (what city)
119
Sacsayhuaman
Inca, large rock fortress in Cusco
120
Machu Picchu
Incas, ruled by Atahualpa/Huascar, conquered by Francisco Pizarro in 1534 (famous site)
121
Urubamba River (Inca Sacred Valley)
Inca scared Valley, fertile farmland
122
Monte Verde
Initial colonization (14K BP), Andean South America (site)
123
Chichen Itza
Yucatan Mexico, houses el castillo (city)
124
Chavin de Huantar
900BC-200BC, Andean South America, John Rick, New/Old temple w/ the Lanzon in the depths of the sunken plaza
125
Domestication dates for South America
squash/cotton/potatoes 7000BC
126
El Nino
"The Christ Childe", period of rain after drought
