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Chemistry > ANT 121 Final Jok > Flashcards

ANT 121 Final Jok Flashcards

1
Q

German physicist who studied people in the Baffin Islands, “father of American Anthropology,” proponent on cultural relativism and historical particularism, and mentor to Margaret Mead

A

Franz Boas (1852-1942)

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2
Q

developed and popularized the practice of participant observation, structural functionalist

A

Bronislaw Malinowski (1884-1942)

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3
Q

studied adolescents in Samoa

A

Margaret Mead

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4
Q

what is the significance of “Coming of Age in Samoa”

A

the theory of nature vs. nurture

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5
Q

what are the four subfields of anthropology

A

archaeology
biological/physical
cultural/social
lingustics

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6
Q

recreate past objects or activities to learn from them; the study of ancient and recent human past(s) through material remains

A

Archaelogical Anthropology

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7
Q

study the biology of humans, ancient ancestors, and primates

A

Biolgical/Physical Anthropology

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8
Q

study everything related to societies and culture

A

Cultural/Social Anthropology

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9
Q

analyze how language reflects and shapes culture

A

Linguistic Anthropology

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10
Q

the shared beliefs of, values, and behaviors of a group of people

A

Culture

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11
Q

what are the three pillars of anthropology

A

evolutionism
historical particularism
structural functionalism

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12
Q

emphasizes the importance of evolution in organizing information about different people, places groups of people on a singular linear evolutionary progression line

A

Evolutionism

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13
Q

emphasizes the importance of history and of the particular details of how people live; culture must be understood from their own terms, with an emphasis on history

A

Historical Particularism

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14
Q

emphasizes that societies were indeed structured and that the different elements of these societies had practical functions; society serves a functional purpose, and is logical on their own terms

A

Structural Functionalism

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15
Q

believe in universal evolutionary stages of cultural development from primitive to complex

A

unilineal evolutionism

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16
Q

humans and their cultures should be viewed as an integrated whole, not separated pieces

A

holism (E.B. Tylor)

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17
Q

ceremony/event that marks the transition of one life stage into another

A

Rite of Passage

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18
Q

self-aware reflection, rather than mirror the author’s culture in a descriptive work

A

reflexivity

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19
Q

according to Haines, what are the three primary aspects of anthropological fieldwork

A

learn the language
live among the people for an extended period of time
prticipate when invited or allowed

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20
Q

what are the four primary methods of anthropology

A

participation observation
ethnographic interviews
reflexivity
fieldwork

21
Q

partaking in the culture

A

participation observation

22
Q

asking the people about their cultures and why they do what they do

A

ethnographic interviews

23
Q

going somewhere to conduct real research

A

fieldwork

24
Q

people rely on what is available in their environment; hunters and gatherers

A

foragers

25
Q

often deal with the same plants/animals as foragers, but with increased control; domestication of plants and possibly some animals (usually pigs)

A

horticulturists

26
Q

domestication of plants, specialization of few crops that respond well to more intensive farming

A

agriculturists

27
Q

expand and reform the use of animals, usually choosing 1-2 that are hardy, herd-able, and breed-able; cattle, sheep, and goats in particular; often grow some crops

A

pastoralists

28
Q

produce wide range of products, including technology that enhances agricultural productivity

A

industrialism

29
Q

the ability to exercise one’s will over others

A

power

30
Q

found among foragers; small loosely organized groups; everybody knows everybody

A

bands

31
Q

found among horticulturists and pastoralists; structured around kinship; everybody knows everybody’s group

A

tribes

32
Q

found among agriculturists and pastoralists; centralized political entities; systems are separate and distinct; everybody knows the leader

A

chiefdoms

33
Q

found in large agricultural and industrial societies; based largely on territories, everybody knows the system

A

states

34
Q

maintaining order within a society; varies among political systems; formal and informal methods

A

internal order

35
Q

societies must (try to) get along with their neighbors

A

external relations

36
Q

set of beliefs and practices pertaining to supernatural beings or forces

A

religion

37
Q

souls are not only present in humans, also things such as forests, rivers, etc… (things you would traditionally think of as non-living)

A

animism

38
Q

what does religion offer (3)

A

general framework
specific explanation
help

39
Q

religion helps understand how different aspects of the world and human life fit together
- bind together place and time
- bind together animate and inanimate things

A

general framework

40
Q

religion explains why particular events happen at particular times

A

specific explanation

41
Q

religion offers assistance and guidance in practical and spiritual aspects of life

A

help

42
Q

someone who has established direct contact with the spirit world

A

shamans

43
Q

represents an established religious organization

A

preist

44
Q

recognizes one god

A

monotheistic

45
Q

recognizes multiple gods

A

polytheistic

46
Q

social construct established through repeated enactment of gendered behaviors

A

gender

47
Q

combination of chromosomes, hormones, and anatomy

A

biological sex

48
Q

network of relatives within which individuals posses certain mutual rights and obligations; bond of blood or marriage

A

kinship

49
Q

ban sexual relationships between individuals based on kinship ties

A

incest taboo

Chemistry (4 decks)

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