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S22 Animal Science 107 > ANSC - Exam 1 - General terms > Flashcards

ANSC - Exam 1 - General terms Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A.I

A

Artificial Insemination

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2
Q

Ad libitum

A

allowing animals to eat all they want at all times

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3
Q

Anestrous Period

A

non-breeding season

The time when a female is not cycling. She is not experiencing estrus and thereby will not breed

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4
Q

artificial insemination

A

great method of enhancing genetics

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5
Q

bovine

A

cattle

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6
Q

Bovine (Cattle)

A 
Male of Breeding Age - Bull
Mature Female - Cow        
Immature Female - Heifer        
Newborn - Calf        
Unsexed Male - Steer        
Groups - Herd        
Genus - Bos  
Act of Parturition - Calving
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7
Q

bovine act of partruition

A

calving

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8
Q

bovine genus

A

bos

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9
Q

bovine group

A

herd

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10
Q

bovine male of breeding age

A

bull: masculine appearance, broader chest

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11
Q

bovine mature female

A

cow: has had a calf, more feminine appearance

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12
Q

bovine newborn

A

calf

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13
Q

bovine unsexed male (w/out testes)

A

steer, a castrated bull

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14
Q

bovine young female

A

heifer

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15
Q

breed

A

animals having a common origin and characteristics that distinguish them from other groups within the same species

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16
Q

calorie

A

the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius
(for example from 15 degrees Celsius to 16 degrees Celsius)

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17
Q

Caprine (Goats)

A 
Male of breeding age - Billy
Mature female -Doe	
Young male - Billy Kid	
Young female - Doe Kid	
Newborn - Kid	
Unsexed male - Wether	
Groups - Band	
Genus - Capra	
Act of Parturition - Kidding
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18
Q

caprine act of parturition

A

kidding

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19
Q

caprine female of breeding age

A

doe

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20
Q

caprine genus

A

capra

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21
Q

caprine group

A

band

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22
Q

caprine male of breeding age

A

billy

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23
Q

caprine newborn

A

kid

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24
Q

caprine unsexed male

A

wether

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25
Q

caprine young female

A

doe kid

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26
Q

caprine young male

A

billy kid

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27
Q

carcass merit

A

the value of a carcass for consumption, changes with season

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28
Q

castration

A

removal of the testicles, lots of diff methods

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29
Q

clone

A

an individual grown from a single somatic cell of its parent and genetically identical to it (still a bit expensive)

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30
Q

colostrum

A

the first milk given by the female following delivery of her young, it contains high levels of antibodies which are absorbed by the young for quick immunity

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31
Q

compensatory growth

A

increased growth rate in response to previous undernourishment, allows for animals to have really great feed at their level

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32
Q

concentrate

A

a feed that is high in energy, low in fiber content, and highly digestible, have to be fed at appropriate levels

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33
Q

contemporary group

A

a set of animals of the same sex and breed that have been raised under similar environmental and management conditions

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34
Q

cull

A

to eliminate from the breeding population.

Might need to do because a female doesn’t reproduce. Producers must cull efficiently

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35
Q

dark cutter

A

color of the lean in the carcass, has a dark appearance usually caused by stress to the animal prior to slaughter
challenge: from a marketing standpoint, the expectation is a bright cherry red

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36
Q

DHIA

A

dairy herd improvement association

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37
Q

Dry

A

Refers to a non-lactating female (mare, cow, ewe, sow)

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38
Q

Dystocia

A

Difficult birth

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39
Q

Equine (Horses)

A 
Male of Breeding - Stallion
Mature Female - Mare	
Young Male - Colt	
Young Female - Filly	
Newborn - Foal	
Unsexed Male - Gelding	
Groups - Herd	
Genus - Equus	
Act of Parturition - Foaling
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40
Q

equine act of parturition

A

foaling

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41
Q

equine female of breeding age

A

mare

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42
Q

equine genus

A

equus

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43
Q

equine group

A

herd

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44
Q

equine male of breeding age

A

stallion

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45
Q

equine newborn

A

foal

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46
Q

equine unsexed male (w/out testes)

A

gelding (castrated stallion)

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47
Q

equine young female

A

filly

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48
Q

equine young male

A

colt

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49
Q

Estrous

A

An adjective meaning “heat” that modifies such words as “cycle.” Estrous cycle is the heat cycle, or time from one heat period to the next.

50
Q

estrus (or heat)

A

the period of mating activity in the female

51
Q

Estrus Synchronization

A

Controlling the estrous cycle so that a high percentage of the females in the herd express estrus at the same time

52
Q

factors that affect dystocia

A

nutrition

53
Q

Feeder

A

Animals which need further feeding prior to slaughter

54
Q

Female Bovine (Cow Vs. Heifer)

A

Cow is a mature female who has had a calf. Heifer is immature female who has not yet calved (given birth to a calf).

55
Q

Female Porcine (Sow Vs. Gilt)

A

Sow is a mature female that has had a liter; Gilt is an immature female that has not yet farrowed (given birth to a litter of pigs)

56
Q

Fertility

A

The capacity to initiate, sustain, and and support reproduction

57
Q

Fill

A

The contents of the digestive tract

58
Q

Gallus (Chicken)

A 
Male of breeding age - Rooster
Mature female - Hen	
Young Male - Chick	
Young female - Chick	
Unsexed male - Capon	
Groups - Flock	
Genus - Gallus	
Act of Mating - Mating
59
Q

gallus act of mating

A

mating

60
Q

gallus genus

A

gallus

61
Q

gallus group

A

flock

62
Q

gallus male of breeding age

A

rooster

63
Q

gallus mature female

A

hen

64
Q

gallus newborn

A

chick

65
Q

gallus unsexed male

A

capon

66
Q

gallus young female/male

A

chick

67
Q

Gestation in days:

Bovine (cattle)

A

283

68
Q

Gestation in days:

Caprine (goat)

A

147

69
Q

Gestation in days:

Ovine (sheep)

A

147

70
Q

Gestation in days:

Porcine (pigs)

A

113

71
Q

Gestation in days:

Equine (horses)

A

340

72
Q

Gestation period

A

term of pregnancy

73
Q

Haploid

A

Half the number of chromosomes. Found in the sperm or ova.

74
Q

Identification Systems

A

Branding, ear tagging, ear notching, tattoo, microchip, retinal scanning

75
Q

Immature Equine (Filly Vs. Colt)

A

Filly is female horse not yet of breeding age; Colt is male horse not yet of breeding age

76
Q

kilocarlorie

A

Equivalent to 1,000 calories

77
Q

lactation period

A

period the female produces milk

78
Q

libido

A

sex drive of the male

79
Q

Male Bovine (Bull Vs. Steer)

A

Steer is a castrated bull

80
Q

Male Equine (Stallion Vs. Gelding)

A

Gelding is castrated stallion

81
Q

Male Goat (Billy Vs. Wether)

A

Wether is a castrated billy

82
Q

Male Porcine (Boar Vs. Barrow)

A

Barrow is a castrated boar.

83
Q

Male Sheep (Ram Vs. Wether)

A

Wether is a castrated ram

84
Q

Mature Bovine (Bull Vs. Cow)

A

Male of breeding age is a bull. Female of breeding age who has had a calf is a cow.

85
Q

Mature Equine (Stallion Vs. Mare)

A

Male of breeding age is stallion; Female of breeding age is mare

86
Q

Mature Goat (Billy Vs. Doe)

A

Male of breeding age is a billy; Female of breeding age is a doe

87
Q

Mature Porcine (Boar Vs. Sow)

A

Male of breeding age is a boar; Female of breeding age who has had a liter is a sow.

88
Q

Mature Sheep (Ram Vs. Ewe)

A

Male of breeding age is a ram; Female of breeding age is ewe

89
Q

Newborn Bovine - Calf

A

Immature cattle; typically proceeded by sex identifier (Bull calf or heifer calf)

90
Q

Newborn Equine (Foal)

A

Foaling is process of delivery of a newborn equine (foal)

91
Q

Newborn Goat (Kid)

A

Immature goat, typically proceeded by sex identifier (Billy kid or Doe kid)

92
Q

Newborn Porcine (Pig)

A

Group of newborn pigs to a single sow is called a litter.

93
Q

Newborn Sheep (Lamb)

A

Lamb is an immature sheep; typically proceeded by sex identifier (Ram lamb or Ewe lamb)

94
Q

Open

A

Refers to non-pregnant females

95
Q

Ovine (Sheep)

A 
Male of breeding age - Ram
Mature female - Ewe	
Young male - Ram lamb	
Young female - Ewe lamb	
Newborn - Lamb	
Unsexed male - Wether	
Groups - Flock	
Genus - Ovis	
Act of Mating - Tupping	
Act of Parturition - Lambing
96
Q

ovine act of mating

A

tupping

97
Q

ovine act of parturition

A

lambing

98
Q

ovine genus

A

ovis

99
Q

ovine group

A

flock

100
Q

ovine male of breeding age

A

ram

101
Q

ovine mature female

A

ewe

102
Q

ovine newborn

A

lamb

103
Q

ovine unsexed male

A

wether

104
Q

ovine young female

A

ewe lamb

105
Q

ovine young male

A

ram lamb

106
Q

Porcine (Swine)

A 
Male of breeding age - Boar
Mature female - Sow	
Young female - Gilt	
Newborn - Pig	
Unsexed male - Barrow	
Groups - Drove	
Genus - Sus	
Act of parturition - Farrowing
107
Q

porcine act of parturition

A

farrowing

108
Q

porcine genus

A

sus

109
Q

porcine group

A

drove

110
Q

porcine male of breeding age

A

boar

111
Q

porcine mature female

A

sow (has had a litter, mammary system is well developed)

112
Q

porcine newborn

A

pig

113
Q

porcine unsexed male

A

barrow (castrated boar)

114
Q

porcine young female

A

gilt (still has mammary system)

115
Q

Records that should be kept (beef)

A

Birth date, sire, dam, birth weight, weaning weight, gain test weight, yearling weight, yearling scrotal measurement

116
Q

roughage

A

a feed that is low in energy, high in fiber content, and low in digestible contents. examples: hay, straw, silage, pasture

117
Q

Scurs

A

Small horn-like tissue attached to the skin of polled or de-horned animals

118
Q

Spaying

A

The removal of the ovaries from the female reproductive tract (most often done in cats and dogs)

119
Q

swine are considered

A

litter bearing

120
Q

TDN (Total Digestible N utrients)

A

Includes the total amounts of digestible protein, nitrogen-free extract, fiber, and fat (multiplied by 2.25) all added together. Approximates energy content.

121
Q

Weaning

A

Separating an offspring animal from its dam (mother)

S22 Animal Science 107 (2 decks)

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