ANS, Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Systems

Question 1

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 1

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 2

Where do sympathetic nerves arise from?

Answer 2

They arise from the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord and have a short PRE-GANGLIONIC fiber and a long POSTGANGLIONIC fiber

Question 3

Where are most of the sympathetic ganglia located?

Answer 3

In the paravertebral chain adjacent to the spinal cord

Question 4

What comprises the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 4

It includes portions of cranial nerves III, VII, IX, and X (oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal,and vagus nerves)

Question 5

Parasympathetic nerves have

Answer 5

LONG Preganglionic fibers and SHORT Postganglionic fibers with the ganglia often located in the innervated organs

Question 6

Cranial Nerves
Oh, oh, oh, to touch and feel, virgin, girls, vagina, ah, heavenly

Answer 6

I-Olfactory nerve
II-Optic nerve
III-Oculomotor nerve
IV-Trochlear nerve
V-Trigeminal nerve
VI-Abducens nerve
VII-Facial nerve
VII-Vestibulocochlear nerve
IX-Glossopharyngeal nerve
X-Vagus nerve
XI-Accessory nerve
XII-Hypoglossal nerve

Question 7

Sympathetic Innervation

Answer 7

Neurotransmitter at ganglion: acetylcholine
Receptor at ganglion: nicotinic
Neurotransmitter at target: Norepinephrine *
Receptor at target: Alpha and Beta*

sweat glands transmission due to acetylcholine acting on muscarinic receptors

Question 8

Parasympathetic Innervation

Answer 8

Neurotransmitter at ganglion: acetylcholine
Receptor at ganglion: nicotinic
Neurotransmitter at target: acetylcholine
Receptor at target: muscarinic

Question 9

Where does the sympathetic nervous system synapse?

Answer 9

With a ganglionic neuron in the sympathetic chain

Question 10

In the sympathetic division preganglionic neurons

Answer 10

Are cholinergic

Question 11

In the sympathetic division postganglionic neurons

Answer 11

Are adrenergic and release nor-epinephrine

Question 12

What innervates the adrenal medulla?

Answer 12

The preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system which release acetylcholine

Question 13

Sympathetic tone (vasomotor tone)

Answer 13

The sympathetic division controls blood pressure and keeps the blood vessels in a continual state of partial constriction

Question 14

Parasympathetic cranial outflow: Occulomotor (III)

Answer 14

Ganglion: Cilliary
Effector organs: eye

Question 15

Parasympathetic cranial outflow: Facial (VII)

Answer 15

Ganglion: Pterygopalatin, Submandibular
Effector Organs: salivary, nasal, and lacrimal glands

Question 16

Parasympathetic cranial outflow: Glossopharyngeal (IX)

Answer 16

Ganglion: Otic
Effector Organs: parotid salivary glands

Question 17

Parasympathetic cranial outflow: Vagus (X)

Answer 17

Ganglion: located within the walls of target organs
Effector organs: heart, lungs, and most visceral organs

Question 18

Parasympathetic sacral outflow: S2-S4

Answer 18

Ganglion: located within the walls of the target organs
Effector organs: large intestine, urinary bladder, ureters and reproductive organs

Question 19

Anatomically the motor output comprises

Answer 19

Two neurons in the series ( the only exception is the innervation of the adrenal medulla, which involves one connection)

Question 20

In the sympathetic division preganglionic neurons are

Answer 20

Cholinergic

Question 21

In the sympathetic division post ganglionic neurons are

Answer 21

Adrenergic

Question 22

In the parasympathetic division both pre and post ganglionic neurons are

Answer 22

Cholinergic