Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CV 2 > ANS Pharmacology > Flashcards

ANS Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of drug targets

A 
DNA
Proteins:
Hormone receptors
Growth factor receptors
Transcription factor receptors
Neurotransmitter receptors
Ion channels
Enzymes 
Transport proteins
Glycoproteins
Structural proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Full agonist

A

mimics the full response of an endogenous ligand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

antagonist

A

blocks the response of an endogenous ligand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

inverse agonist

A

has the opposite effect of the endogenous ligand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Actions of sympathetic division of ANS

A

dilate pupil (via smooth muscle contraction)
tear glands maintain eye moisture
inhibit excess salivary secretion
accelerate heart rate, constrict arterioles
dilate bronchi
inhibit stomach motility and secretion, inhibit pancreas
inhibit intestinal motility
relax bladder
stimulate ejaculation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

actions of parasympathetic division of ANS

A 
constrict pupil (via smooth muscle contraction)
stimulate tear gland
strong stimulation of salivary flow
slow heart rate
constrict bronchi
stimulate digestive juice secretion
stimulate intestinal motility
contract bladder
stimulate erection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Adrenergic receptors

A

alpha 1, alpha 2

beta 1, beta 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ACh receptors

A

M3, M2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Eye muscles, actions and receptors

A

Radial muscle, iris (contraction: alpha 1)
Sphincter muscle, iris (contraction: M3, M2)
Ciliary muscle (relaxation for far vision: beta 2, contracction for near vision: M3, M2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Heart receptors, actions

A 
SA node (increase heart rate: B1> beta 2; decrease heart rate: M2>> M3)
Atria (increase contractility and conduction velocity: B1> beta 2; decrease in contractility: M2>>M3)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lung receptors and actions

A 
Tracheal and bronchial smooth muscle (relaxation: beta 2; contraction: M2=M3)
Bronchial glands (decrease secretion: alpha 1, increase secretion: beta 2; stimulation: M3, M2)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Stomach receptors and actions

A

motility and tone (decrease: alpha 1&2, beta 1&2), increase: M2=M3)
sphincters (contraction: alpha1, relaxation: M3, M2)
secretion (inhibition (alpha2, stimulation: M3, M2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Intestine receptors and actions

A

Motility and tone (decrease: alpha 1&2, beta 1&2; increase: M3, M2)
sphincters (contraction: alpha1, relaxation: M3, M2)
secretion (inhibition: alpha2, stimulation: M3, M2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pre-ganglionic neurons in ANS

A

use ACh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

parasympathetic transmitters and receptors

A

Neurotransmitter: ACh
Receptors: nAChR, mAChR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

sympathetic transmitters and receptors

A

Neurotransmitters: NE > Epi (DA); ACh
Receptors: α, β, (D), nAChR, mAChR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does “-ergic” mean?

A

Tells you the neurotransmitter that a nerve sythesizes and releases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Acetylcholine

A

(cholinergic)
The major neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system
All preganglionic autonomic fibers (sympathetic and parasympathetic)
All postganglionic parasympathetic fibers
Few postganglionic sympathetic fibers (sweat glands)

19
Q

Norepinephrine

A

(adrenergic)
The major neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system
The vast majority of postganglionic sympathetic fibers

20
Q

Epinephrine

A

(adrenergic)

Synthesis in the adrenal medulla and a few epinephrine-containing neuronal pathways in the brainstem

21
Q

Dopamine

A

NE and Epi precursor

Acts on the CNS and renal vascular smooth muscle

22
Q

co-neurotransmitters

A

ATP, neuropeptide Y, vasoactive intestinal peptide, substance P, others

23
Q

Cholinergic neurotransmission

A

Axonal conduction

Junctional transmission (cholinergic)
Synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh)
Storage of ACh
Release of ACh
Destruction of ACh

ACh signaling

End organ effects

24
Q

4 steps of cholinergic transmission

A

ACh synthesis

ACh storage

ACh release

ACh destruction

25
Q

Subtypes of muscarinic receptors

A

in the periphery:
M2- heart, nerves, smooth muscle (GPCR), inhibits cAMP production, aactivates K+ channels
M3- glands, smooth muscle, endothelium. (GPCR), Mechanism: IP3, DAG cascade

26
Q

PNS sybtype of nicotinic receptor

A

N(N). Located in postganglionic cell body, dendrites, CNS.

alpha and beta types only. Mechanism: sodium, K+ depolarizing ion channel

27
Q

Voltage-gated sodium channels

A

Example: Na+ channels (Nav1.1 – Nav1.9)
Structure: 4 x 6 TM domains
Activated in response to membrane depolarization
Function: propagate action potentials

28
Q

Ligand-gated sodium channels

A

Example: nicotinic AChRs (nAChRs, neuronal and muscle subtypes)
Structure: pentamer of 5 subunits, each containing 4 TM domains
Activated in response to ligand binding
Function: excitatory neurotransmission, muscle contraction, etc.

29
Q

steps in adrenergic neurotransmission

A
  1. Axonal conduction
2. Junctional transmission (adrenergic)
Synthesis of catecholamines
Storage
Release
Destruction (reuptake)
  1. Adrenergic signaling
  2. End organ effects
30
Q

all adrenergic receptors are?

A

metabotropic. Work on GPCR receptors.

31
Q

catecholamines

A

dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine (all come from tyrosine)

32
Q

Steps of catecholamine synthesis

A

Tyrosine–> dopa–> dopamine (in the nerve cytoplasm)

dopamine–> norepinephrine–> epinephrine (occurs in the vesicle, last step mainly in the adrenal medulla)

33
Q

details of adrenergic transmission: types of transporters

A

Na+-dependent tyrosine transporter
Transports tyrosine into the nerve terminal

Vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT-2)
Transports NE, Epi, DA, and serotonin into vesicles (non-selective)

Release upon action potential and Ca2+ influx

NE transporter (NET)
Imports NE into the nerve terminal
Dopamine uptake occurs via a separate transporter (DAT)
34
Q

Catecholamine signal termination

A

Reuptake into nerve terminals
Major mechanism that terminates the actions of catecholamines
NET (norepinephrine transporter) and DAT (dopamine transporter)
After reuptake, catecholamines are stored in vesicles by the VMAT-2

Metabolism of catecholamines (2 main enzymes)
Monoamine oxidase (MAO)
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)
Play secondary role in catecholamine metabolism after reuptake

*In contrast to cholinergic signaling, termination of catecholamine action by degradative enzymes (i.e., AChE) is nonexistent in adrenergic signaling

35
Q

adrenergic receptor signaling pathways

A

G alpha i - inhibits cAMP

G alpha s- stimulates cAMP

36
Q

Rules of thumb for smooth muscle and autonomic receptors

A

Alpha1 (α1) receptors:
Stimulate contraction of all smooth muscle
Vascular smooth muscle – vasoconstriction

Beta2 (β2) receptors:
Relax smooth muscle – vasodilation

Muscarinic receptors:
Contract smooth muscle (different intracellular signal than α1 receptors)
Apparent discrepancy – ACh & muscarinic agonists given IV cause vasodilation due to release of nitric oxide (NO)

37
Q

Response of Blood Vessels to Autonomic Nerve Impulses

A

Adrenergic receptors in blood vessels receive sympathetic innervation, which cause vessel constriction (alpha1 receptors) or dilation (beta2 receptors) when activated
Smooth muscle of blood vessels is NOT innervated by parasympathetic neurons
AChRs (muscarinic and nicotonic) are not readily found on smooth muscle of blood vessels; but endothelial cells express mAChRs
Blood vessels relax in response to exogenously applied ACh as long as the endothelium is intact

38
Q

mAChRs, EDRF (NO), and Vasodilation

A

Activation of mAChRs on endothelial cells causes production and release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), aka nitric oxide (NO)

39
Q

adrenal medulla

A

Sympathetic innervation

Epi and NE release is triggered by the release of ACh from the preganglionic fibers

ACh binds to NNAChRs and produce a localized depolarization

Release is approximately:
80% Epi
20% NE

40
Q

baroreceptor relex- example of what?

A

is an example of compensatory changes in the ANS

41
Q

Cholinomimetic agents

A

drugs that mimic ACh
AChR agonists
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

42
Q

Cholinoceptor-blocking drugs

A

AChR antagonists

43
Q

Sympathomimetic agents

A

drugs that mimic or enhance α- and/or β-receptor stimulation
Agonists
Drugs that enhance catecholamine release
Drugs that block reuptake

44
Q

Adrenoceptor-blocking drugs

A

α- and β-receptor antagonists

CV 2 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions