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ANS- Parasympathetic Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MOA of Pilocarpine

A

Muscarinic agonist

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2
Q

what neurotransmitter is used in the PNS?

A

Acetylcholine

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3
Q

What are the receptors for Acetylcholine?

A

Muscarinic & nicotinic/cholinergic

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4
Q

What is Pilocarpine used to treat?

A

Glaucoma

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5
Q

What are the adverse effects of Pilocarpine?

A

Blurred vision, painful eye, night blindness

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6
Q

What is the MOA for Neostigmine

A

Reversible AchE inhibitor

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7
Q

What is Neostigmine used for?

A

Myasthenia gravis, reversal of neuromuscular blockade

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8
Q

What are side effects of neostigmine?

A

Diarrhea, increased salivation & sweating, abdominal cramps & bradycardia

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9
Q

What is the MOA of Pyridostigmine?

A

Reversible AchE inhibitor

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10
Q

What is Pyridostigmine used for?

A

Chronic myasthenia gravis

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11
Q

What are side effects of Pyridostigmine?

A

Diarrhea, increased salivation & sweating, abdominal pain & bradycardia

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12
Q

What is the MOA of Edrophonium?

A

Short-acting AchE inhibitor

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13
Q

What is Edrophonium used for?

A

Diagnosis of myasthenia gravis

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14
Q

What are the side effects of Edrophonium?

A

Diarrhea, increased salivation & sweating, abdominal pain, bradycardia

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15
Q

What is the MOA of Tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine & galantamine

A

Reversible AchE inhibitors

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16
Q

What are Tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine & galantamine used to treat?

A

Alzheimer’s disease

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17
Q

What are the side effects of Tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine & galantamine?

A

Tacrine: hepatotoxicity
Others: GI distress

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18
Q

What are the methods of administration for Neostigmine?

A

Intramuscularly, subcutaneous & IV

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19
Q

How long does Neostigmine take to work IM & IV?

A

IM = 20 minutes
IV = 4-8 minutes

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20
Q

What is Neostigmine’s DOA (duration of action)?

A

2-4 hours

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21
Q

How is Pyridostigmine administered?

A

Orally

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22
Q

What is Pyridostigmine’s DOA?

A

3-6 hours

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23
Q

What is Edrophonium’s DOA?

A

5-10 minutes

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24
Q

What is an antidote for cholinergic adverse effects?

A

Atropine

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25
Q

What are the effects of Hyoscine butylbromide & Dicyclomine?

A

Reduces smooth muscle & secretory activity of the gut

26
Q

What are Hyoscine butylbromide & Dicyclomine used for?

A

IBS antispasmodic

27
Q

How are Hyoscine butylbromide & Dicyclomine administered?

A

Orally & parenteral

28
Q

What are adverse effects of Hyoscine butylbromide & Dicyclomine?

A

Dry mouth, tachycardia, confusion, urinary retention & increased intraocular pressure

29
Q

What is the half life of Atropine?

30
Q

What type of drug is atropine?

A

Anticholinergic/ cholinergic antagonist

31
Q

What are the 5 therapeutic uses of Atropine?

A

Anti-secretory prior to surgery, retinal exam, antispasmodic of the GI & lower UTI, causes bradycardia & used as an antidote for Organophosphate poisoning.

32
Q

What tissues are most sensitive to Atropine?

A

Bronchial, salivary & sweat glands

33
Q

What effects does Atropine have on the eye?

A

It causes Mydriasis, cycloplegia & reduces lacrimal secretion

34
Q

What side effect does Atropine have on the eye?

A

Dry eyes, increased intraocular pressure in closed angle glaucoma

35
Q

What are the adverse effects of Atropine?

A

Dry mouth, blurred vision, ‘sandy eyes’, tachycardia, urinary retention, constipation
CNS effects
Dangerous in children: increased temperature

36
Q

How many days do Atropine eye drops last?

37
Q

What is the MOA of Glycopyrrolate?

A

Anticholinergic/antimuscarinic

38
Q

What are the effects of Glycopyrrolate?

A

Decreased salivary & bronchial secretions

39
Q

What is Glycopyrrolate used for?

A

Drooling/sialorrhea, anesthesia adjunct & post-op with Neostigmine

40
Q

How is glycopyrrolate administered?

41
Q

What is the MOA for Glycopyrronium?

A

Anticholinergic/antimuscarinic

42
Q

What are the effects of Glycopyrronium?

A

Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle

43
Q

What is Glycopyrronium used for?

A

COPD maintenance with Indacaterol

44
Q

How is Glycopyrronium administered?

45
Q

What is the MOA for Ipratropium bromide & Tiotropium bromide?

A

Anticholinergic/antimuscarinic

46
Q

What are the effects of Ipratropium bromide & Tiotropium bromide?

A

Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle

47
Q

What are Ipratropium bromide & Tiotropium bromide used to treat?

A

Asthma & COPD

48
Q

How are Ipratropium bromide & Tiotropium bromide administered?

49
Q

What are the adverse effects of Ipratropium bromide & Tiotropium bromide?

A

xerostomia (dry mouth)

50
Q

What are Tropicamide & Cyclopentolate used for?

A

Causes mydriasis & cycloplegia prior to refraction

51
Q

How are Tropicamide & Cyclopentolate administered?

A

Eye drops
Tropicamide= short-acting
Cyclopentolate = long-acting

52
Q

How does Atropine help in Organophosphate poisoning?

A

Blocks muscarinic excess at exocrine glands, heart & smooth muscle

53
Q

How is Atropine administered for Organophosphate poinoning?

54
Q

How does Atropine effect the CNS?

A

Counteracts vagal effects during anaesthesia & counteracts muscarinic activity of neuromuscular blockers therefore can be used to reverse NMB

55
Q

What are the effects of Trihexyphenidyl & Biperiden?

A

Improves tremor

56
Q

What is Trihexyphenidyl & Biperiden used to treat?

A

Parkinson’s

57
Q

How is Trihexyphenidyl administered?

58
Q

How is Biperiden administered?

A

Oral,IV, IM

59
Q

What is Oxybutynin & Darifenacin used for?

A

Urinary incontinence (Enuresis)

60
Q

What are the effects of Oxybutynin & Darifenacin

A

Reduces detrusor muscle tone, spasms - reduces the ability of the muscle to contract therefore increasing bladder capacity

61
Q

How are Oxybutynin & Darifenacin administered?

62
Q

What are the side effects of Oxybutynin & Darifenacin?

A

Dry mouth (xerostomia), palpitations, constipation & confusion

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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