ANS + lymphatic system (joy)

Question 1

What is the Autonomic Nervous system and what tissues do they target?

Answer 1

A two neuron chain connecting preganglionic neurons through ganglia to visceral target tissues:

cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, secretory glands, connective tissues, immune cells

Question 2

ANS: involuntary or voluntary control of bodyfxns?

Answer 2

involuntary

Question 3

ANS is regulated by:

Answer 3

hypothalamus, limbic system, and brainstem

Question 4

The general organization of ANS is:

Answer 4

Limbic forebrain–> hippocampus, amygdala, prefrontal + cingulate cortex–> sympathetic, parasympathetic

Question 5

Visceral + Somatic Common pathways (might be FYI idk):

Answer 5

• practically every interneuron that receives input from visceral nociceptor also receives input from SOMATIC source
• almost 80% of interneurons that receive input from somatic structures also receive visceral input
• no evidence for any ascending pathway that transmits ONLY visceral signals from spinal cord to brain

Question 6

Where does the innervation of the Parasympathetic NS arise from compared to the sympathetic NS?

Answer 6

PSNS: from brain stem nuclei and intermediate gray matter @ S2-4

SNS: from intermediolateral cell column of lateral horn of spinal cord; T1-12; L1-12

Question 7

What CNs are involved with the parasympathetic NS?

Answer 7

CN 3, 7, 9, and 10

Question 8

What ganglia are in the Sympathetic NS

Answer 8

Cervical ganglia (superior, middle, stellate)
Paravertebral ganglia(thoracolumbar)
Prevertebral ganglia (celiac, superior/inferior mesenteric)

Question 9

CN3 of PSNS:

Answer 9

eye

Question 10

CN7 of PSNS:

Answer 10

lacrimal, palatine, or submandibular

Question 11

CN9 of PSNS:

Answer 11

parotid

Question 12

CN10 of PSNS:

Answer 12

cardiopulmonary, GI

Question 13

Sacral (S2,S3,S4) of PSNS

Answer 13

colon, rectum, GU

Question 14

head/neck (w/ upper esophagus) spinal units

Answer 14

T1-T5

Question 15

Heart spinal units

Answer 15

T1-T6

Question 16

lungs spinal units

Answer 16

T1-T7

Question 17

upper GI spinal units

Answer 17

T5-T10

Question 18

SI/Ascending colon spinal units:

Answer 18

T9-t11

Question 19

Ascending + TV colon spinal units:

Answer 19

T10-L2

Question 20

Descending + sigmoid colon/rectum spinal units:

Answer 20

T12-L2

Question 21

Adrenal spinal units:

Answer 21

T5-T10

Question 22

GU tract (w/ bladder) spinal units:

Answer 22

T10-L2

Question 23

Ureter- upper/lower spinal units:

Answer 23

T10-T11/T12-L2

Question 24

Extremities - upper/lower spinal units

Answer 24

T2-T/T11-L2

Question 25

hear, lungs, esophagus, upper GI, SI, kidneys, ascending and TV colon, upper ureter innervation:

Answer 25

vagus nerve (OA,AA)

Question 26

colon, rectum, repro organs, bladder, pelvis, lower ureter spinal units:

Answer 26

S2-S4 (sacrum); (pelvic splanchnic)

Question 27

Is the Enteric NS independent or dependent on CNS?

Answer 27

independent

Question 28

Autonomic distribution of SNS:

Answer 28

Vascular (fascia, SM, and sweat glands; trunks + extremities) + Visceral (SM, cardiac, nodal+glandular tissue in thoracoabdominopelvic cavity)

Question 29

Autonomic distribution of PSNS:

Answer 29

Visceral (same as sympathetic-SM, cardiac, nodal+glandular tissue in thoracoabdominopelvic cavity) but ALSO in viscera of head + neck!! NO extremities, NO vascular

Question 30

Sensitization

Answer 30

progressive amplification of a resopnse follows repeated adminstration of stimulus If stimulus is terminated, neurons return to baseline (same as habituation) *ex. rub your arm for long time period

Question 31

Habituation

Answer 31

decrease in response to stimulus after repeated exposure to stimulus over time allows us to tune out whats unimportant If stimulus is terminated, neurons return to baseline (same as sensitiz.)

Question 32

Facilitation

Answer 32

decreases threshold!! maintenance of pool of neurons instate of subthreshold excitation (less afferent stimulation required to trigger discharge of impulses) -can be due to sustained increases in afferent input, abberrant patterns, or changes in affected neurons themselves or their chemical environment once established, can be sustained by normal CNS activity

Question 33

Viscerosomatic reflexes

Answer 33

tend to exhibit non-neutral (type 2) SD -usually affects small rotators

Question 34

increased moisture(skin drag), increased temp, and a poorly defined end point (rubbery end feel) is seen in which reflex?

Answer 34

viscerosomatic

Question 35

Allostasis vs. homeostasis

Answer 35

Allostasis- The process by which body responds to stressors in order to regain homeostasis Homeostasis- tendency toward relatively stable equilibrium bw interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiologic processes

Question 36

What is allostatic load? what does LT exposure do?

Answer 36

frequent activation of allostatic systems; continuation of feedback systems meant to reestablish normal homeostasis LT exposure--> may cause atrophy of hippocampus affecting feedback, memory, and autonomic fxn

Question 37

What are the 4 transition zone myofascial pathways?

Answer 37

occipitoatlantal cervicothoracic thoracolumbar lumbosacral

Question 38

what are the fluid pumps you can do on a pt?

Answer 38

thoracic inlet thoracic diaphragm pelvic diaphragm

Question 39

lymphatics receive innervation from the ___.

Answer 39

lymphatics receive innervation from the SNS SD may be disabling a pump