ANS + lymphatic system (joy) Flashcards
What is the Autonomic Nervous system and what tissues do they target?
A two neuron chain connecting preganglionic neurons through ganglia to visceral target tissues:
cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, secretory glands, connective tissues, immune cells
ANS: involuntary or voluntary control of bodyfxns?
involuntary
ANS is regulated by:
hypothalamus, limbic system, and brainstem
The general organization of ANS is:
Limbic forebrain–> hippocampus, amygdala, prefrontal + cingulate cortex–> sympathetic, parasympathetic
Visceral + Somatic Common pathways (might be FYI idk):
- practically every interneuron that receives input from visceral nociceptor also receives input from SOMATIC source
- almost 80% of interneurons that receive input from somatic structures also receive visceral input
- no evidence for any ascending pathway that transmits ONLY visceral signals from spinal cord to brain
Where does the innervation of the Parasympathetic NS arise from compared to the sympathetic NS?
PSNS: from brain stem nuclei and intermediate gray matter @ S2-4
SNS: from intermediolateral cell column of lateral horn of spinal cord; T1-12; L1-12
What CNs are involved with the parasympathetic NS?
CN 3, 7, 9, and 10
What ganglia are in the Sympathetic NS
Cervical ganglia (superior, middle, stellate) Paravertebral ganglia(thoracolumbar) Prevertebral ganglia (celiac, superior/inferior mesenteric)
CN3 of PSNS:
eye
CN7 of PSNS:
lacrimal, palatine, or submandibular
CN9 of PSNS:
parotid
CN10 of PSNS:
cardiopulmonary, GI
Sacral (S2,S3,S4) of PSNS
colon, rectum, GU
head/neck (w/ upper esophagus) spinal units
T1-T5
Heart spinal units
T1-T6
lungs spinal units
T1-T7
upper GI spinal units
T5-T10
SI/Ascending colon spinal units:
T9-t11
Ascending + TV colon spinal units:
T10-L2
Descending + sigmoid colon/rectum spinal units:
T12-L2
Adrenal spinal units:
T5-T10
GU tract (w/ bladder) spinal units:
T10-L2
Ureter- upper/lower spinal units:
T10-T11/T12-L2
Extremities - upper/lower spinal units
T2-T/T11-L2
hear, lungs, esophagus, upper GI, SI, kidneys, ascending and TV colon, upper ureter innervation:
vagus nerve (OA,AA)
colon, rectum, repro organs, bladder, pelvis, lower ureter spinal units:
S2-S4 (sacrum); (pelvic splanchnic)
Is the Enteric NS independent or dependent on CNS?
independent
Autonomic distribution of SNS:
Vascular (fascia, SM, and sweat glands; trunks + extremities) + Visceral (SM, cardiac, nodal+glandular tissue in thoracoabdominopelvic cavity)
Autonomic distribution of PSNS:
Visceral (same as sympathetic-SM, cardiac, nodal+glandular tissue in thoracoabdominopelvic cavity) but ALSO in viscera of head + neck!!
NO extremities, NO vascular
Sensitization
progressive amplification of a resopnse follows repeated adminstration of stimulus
If stimulus is terminated, neurons return to baseline (same as habituation)
*ex. rub your arm for long time period
Habituation
decrease in response to stimulus after repeated exposure to stimulus over time
allows us to tune out whats unimportant
If stimulus is terminated, neurons return to baseline (same as sensitiz.)
Facilitation
decreases threshold!! maintenance of pool of neurons instate of subthreshold excitation (less afferent stimulation required to trigger discharge of impulses)
-can be due to sustained increases in afferent input, abberrant patterns, or changes in affected neurons themselves or their chemical environment
once established, can be sustained by normal CNS activity
Viscerosomatic reflexes
tend to exhibit non-neutral (type 2) SD
-usually affects small rotators
increased moisture(skin drag), increased temp, and a poorly defined end point (rubbery end feel) is seen in which reflex?
viscerosomatic
Allostasis vs. homeostasis
Allostasis- The process by which body responds to stressors in order to regain homeostasis
Homeostasis- tendency toward relatively stable equilibrium bw interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiologic processes
What is allostatic load? what does LT exposure do?
frequent activation of allostatic systems; continuation of feedback systems meant to reestablish normal homeostasis
LT exposure–> may cause atrophy of hippocampus affecting feedback, memory, and autonomic fxn
What are the 4 transition zone myofascial pathways?
occipitoatlantal
cervicothoracic
thoracolumbar
lumbosacral
what are the fluid pumps you can do on a pt?
thoracic inlet
thoracic diaphragm
pelvic diaphragm
lymphatics receive innervation from the ___.
lymphatics receive innervation from the SNS
SD may be disabling a pump
