ANS level 1 (organs, neurons, neurotransmitters & responses involved)

Question 1

Autonomic tone is an important aspect of ANS function because it:

Question 1Select one:

a.
allows ANS neurons to decrease their activity on demand but not increase their activity.

b.
provides for a narrow range of control options that keeps target tissues constantly homeostatic.

c.
allows ANS neurons to increase or decrease their activity, providing a wide range of control options.

d.
allows ANS neurons to increase activity on demand but not decrease their activity.

Answer 1

c.
allows ANS neurons to increase or decrease their activity, providing a wide range of control options.

Question 2

Which statement best describes the sympathetic pathway?

Question 2Select one:

a.
Preganglionic neuron is long.

b.
Motor neuron secretes acetylcholine (Ach).

c.
Efferent pathway consists of two neurons.

d.
Preganglionic neuron is myelinated.

e.
Postganglionic neuron is short.

Answer 2

d.
Preganglionic neuron is myelinated.

Question 3

Match the correct organs to each description of how the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system interact.

tear gland, blood vessels
heart, airways
reproductive organs

a. Both divisions may work together for the function of an organ or a process.

b. Occasionally only one division communicates with an organ.

c. One division increases the function of an organ, while the other division inhibits it so that the two divisions counterbalance each other.

Answer 3

a. reproductive organs
b. tear gland, blood vessels
c. heart, airways

Question 4

Which of the following statements concerning the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is false?

Question 4Select one:

a.
Preganglionic neurons are located in the brain and sacral region of the spinal cord.

b.
Ganglionic neurons are located in ganglia within or near to effectors.

c.
The actions of the parasympathetic division are more localized than those of the sympathetic division.

d.
The postganglionic neurons always release acetylcholine.

e.
Preganglionic fibers are relatively short and postganglionic fibers are relatively long.

Answer 4

e.
Preganglionic fibers are relatively short and postganglionic fibers are relatively long.

Question 5

Which statement best describes the autonomic pathway?

Question 5Select one:

a.
Efferent pathway originates in primary motor area of the cerebral cortex.

b.
Origin of peripheral efferent pathway is in the lateral horn of the spinal cord.

c.
Targets skeletal muscle.

d.
Peripheral efferent pathway consists of one neuron

Answer 5

b.
Origin of peripheral efferent pathway is in the lateral horn of the spinal cord.

Question 6

Which organ is innervated only by the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Question 6Select one:

a.
lachrymal (tear) glands

b.
blood vessels

c.
heart

d.
penis

e.
salivary glands

Answer 6

b.
blood vessels

Question 7

Which organ is innervated only by the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Question 7Select one:

a.
sweat glands

b.
lachrymal (tear) glands

c.
blood vessels

d.
salivary glands

e.
penis

f.
heart

Answer 7

b.
lachrymal (tear) glands

Question 8

True or False?

Adrenaline dilates the lungs to increase gas exchange.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

Which statement best describes the autonomic pathway?

Question 9Select one:

a.
Efferent pathway originates in primary motor area of the cerebral cortex.

b.
Origin of peripheral efferent pathway is in the ventral horn of the spinal cord.

c.
Peripheral efferent pathway consists of two neurons.

d.
Targets skeletal muscle

Answer 9

c.
Peripheral efferent pathway consists of two neurons.

Question 10

Parasympathetic functions include all of the following, except:

Question 10Select one:

a.
stimulation of defecation.

b.
stimulation of urination.

c.
dilation of the airways.

d.
constriction of the pupils.

e.
decrease in the rate of cardiac contraction.

Answer 10

c.
dilation of the airways.

Question 11

Autonomic disorders would not cause:

Question 11Select one:

a.
problems related to skeletal muscle tone

b.
appetite.

c.
problems in maintenance of blood pressure.

d.
excessive perspiration.

e.
sexual arousal.

Answer 11

a.
problems related to skeletal muscle tone

Question 12

Which statement best describes the somatic pathway?

Question 12Select one:

a.
Peripheral efferent pathway consists of two neurons.

b.
Origin of peripheral efferent pathway is in the ventral horn of the spinal cord.

c.
Efferent pathway originates in the hypothalamus.

d.
Targets smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands.

Answer 12

b.
Origin of peripheral efferent pathway is in the ventral horn of the spinal cord.

Question 13

Which statement best describes the parasympathetic pathway?

Question 13Select one:

a.
Preganglionic neuron is short.

b.
Postganglionic neuron is long.

c.
Motor neuron secretes Norepinephrine (NE).

d.
Preganglionic neuron secretes Norepinephrine (NE)

e.
Efferent pathway consists of two neurons.

Answer 13

e.
Efferent pathway consists of two neurons.

Question 14

Which statement best describes the somatic pathway?

Question 14Select one:

a.
Targets smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands.

b.
Efferent pathway originates in primary motor area of the cerebral cortex.

c.
Origin of peripheral efferent pathway is in the lateral horn of the spinal cord.

d.
Peripheral efferent pathway consists of two neurons.

Answer 14

b.
Efferent pathway originates in primary motor area of the cerebral cortex.

Question 15

The parasympathetic nervous system is especially active during which physiological state?

Question 15Select one:

a.
stress

b.
digestion

c.
trauma

d.
exercise

Answer 15

b.
digestion

Question 16

In which target organ of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) do both divisions cooperate to bring about different stages of the same response?

Question 16Select one:

a.
sweat glands

b.
salivary glands

c.
lachrymal (tear) glands

d.
liver

e.
adipose tissue

f.
penis

g.
heart

h.
blood vessels

Answer 16

f.
penis

Question 17

Which statement best describes the sympathetic pathway?

Question 17Select one:

a.
Preganglionic neuron is long.

b.
Postganglionic neuron is short.

c.
Motor neuron secretes acetylcholine (Ach).

d.
Efferent pathway consists of three neurons.

e.
Postganglionic neuron is myelinated.

Answer 17

d.
Efferent pathway consists of three neurons.

Question 18

Which organ is innervated by both branches of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Question 18Select one:

a.
lachrymal (tear) glands

b.
sweat glands

c.
adipose tissue

d.
liver

e.
blood vessels

f.
penis

Answer 18

d.
liver

Question 19

1.single innervation
2. autonomic tone, dual innervation
3. autonomic tone, single innervation
4. autonommic tone
5. dual innervation

a. Homeostatic level.

b. One division of the autonomic nervous system ANS increases the function of the organ, while the other division inhibits the function of the organ counterbalancing both divisions.

c. Only the sympathetic branch or the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) innervates the organ.

d. One division of the autonomic nervous system increases or decreases the function of the organ to maintain homeostatic conditions.

e. The sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) innervate the same organ.

Answer 19

a. 4 autonommic tone
b. 2 autonomic tone, dual innervation
c. 1 single innervation
d. 3 autonomic tone, single innervation
e. 5 dual innervation

Question 20

Which statement best describes the sympathetic pathway?

Question 20Select one:

a.
Efferent pathway consists of two neurons.

b.
Motor neuron secretes acetylcholine (Ach).

c.
Preganglionic neuron is long.

d.
Postganglionic neuron is long.

e.
Preganglionic neuron secretes Norepinephrine (NE).

Answer 20

d.
Postganglionic neuron is long.

Question 21

Postganglionic fibers release neurotransmitter on peripheral effectors:

Question 21Select one:

a.
at motor end plates.

b.
at sympathetic chain ganglia.

c.
at distinct synapses.

d.
at pearl-like swellings called varicosities.

e.
into capillaries within the target organ.

Answer 21

d.
at pearl-like swellings called varicosities.

Question 22

Which statement best describes the sympathetic pathway?

Question 22Select one:

a.
Motor neuron secretes acetylcholine (Ach).

b.
Postganglionic neuron is short.

c.
Preganglionic neuron is short.

d.
Efferent pathway consists of two neurons.

e.
Postganglionic neuron is myelinated.

Answer 22

c.
Preganglionic neuron is short.

Question 23

Which statement best describes the autonomic pathway?

Question 23Select one:

a.
Targets skeletal muscle.

b.
Origin of peripheral efferent pathway is in the ventral horn of the spinal cord.

c.
Efferent pathway originates in the hypothalamus or brain stem.

d.
Peripheral efferent pathway consists of one neuron.

Answer 23

c.
Efferent pathway originates in the hypothalamus or brain stem.

Question 24

Which target organ of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) maintains autonomic tone by dual innervation?

Question 24Select one:

a.
liver

b.
adipose tissue

c.
blood vessels

d.
sweat glands

e.
lachrymal (tear) glands

Answer 24

a.
liver

Question 25

The integrative centers for autonomic activity are located in the:

Question 25Select one:

a.
cerebrum.

b.
cerebellum.

c.
pituitary gland.

d.
hypothalamus.

e.
thalamus.

Answer 25

d.
hypothalamus.

Question 26

Fill in the blanks: Sympathetic preganglionic neurons are ________ and have ________ axons.

Question 26Select one:

a.
short; unmyelinated

b.
long; unmyelinated

c.
long; myelinated

d.
short; myelinated

Answer 26

d.
short; myelinated

Question 27

Which statement best describes the parasympathetic pathway?

Question 27Select one:

a.
Preganglionic neuron secretes acetylcholine (Ach).

b.
Efferent pathway consists of three neurons.

c.
Postganglionic neuron is long.

d.
Motor neuron secretes Norepinephrine (NE).

e.
Preganglionic neuron is short.

Answer 27

a.
Preganglionic neuron secretes acetylcholine (Ach).

Question 28

The cell bodies of preganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system are located in:

Question 28Select one:

a.
the posterior gray horns of the spinal cord.

b.
the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.

c.
the hypothalamus and lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.

d.
the brain.

e.
the primary motor functional area of the cerebral cortex.

Answer 28

c.
the hypothalamus and lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.

Question 29

The cell bodies of somatic motor neurons are located in:

Question 29Select one:

a.
the hypothalamus

b.
the brain and ventral gray horns of the spinal cord.

c.
the posterior gray horns of the spinal cord.

d.
the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.

e.
the primary motor functional area of the cerebral cortex.

Answer 29

b.
the brain and ventral gray horns of the spinal cord.

Question 30

Based on the origin of the peripheral nerves, the sympathetic division of the ANS is also known as which of the following?

Question 30Select one:

a.
somatic division

b.
craniocervical division

c.
thoracolumbar division

d.
craniosacral division

e.
lumbosacral division

Answer 30

c.
thoracolumbar division

Question 31

Match each description to the correct branches of the efferent pathway.

both somatic & parasympathetic
only somatic
sympathetic
only parasympathetic
both sympathetic & parasympathetic

a. “Its postganglionic axons always use norepinephrine as the neurotransmitter”.

b. “Its postganglionic axons always secrete neurotransmitters from varicosities”.

c. “Its postganglionic axons always secrete neurotransmitters from synaptic terminals”.

d. “Its motor axons always use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter”

e. “Its postganglionic axons always use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter”

Answer 31

a. sympathetic
b. both sympathetic & parasympathetic
c. only somatic
d. both somatic & parasympathetic
e. only parasympathetic

Question 32

Which target organ of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) maintains autonomic tone by dual innervation?

Question 32Select one:

a.
adipose tissue

b.
blood vessels

c.
sweat glands

d.
heart

e.
lachrymal (tear) glands

Answer 32

d.
heart

Question 33

Dual innervation refers to an organ receiving:

Question 33Select one:

a.
both sensory and motor nerves.

b.
both autonomic and somatomotor nerves.

c.
two nerves from the spinal cord.

d.
nerves from both the brain and the spinal cord.

e.
both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation.

Answer 33

e.
both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation.

Question 34

Signals from the parasympathetic nervous system cause which of the following?

Question 34Select one:

a.
faster pulse

b.
faster metabolic rate

c.
reduced blood flow to the abdominal organs

d.
increase in the production of digestive enzymes and absorption

Answer 34

d.
increase in the production of digestive enzymes and absorption

Question 35

Based on the origin of the peripheral nerves, the parasympathetic division of the ANS is also known as which of the following?

Question 35Select one:

a.
thoracolumbar division

b.
craniocervical division

c.
lumbosacral division

d.
somatic division

e.
craniosacral division

Answer 35

e.
craniosacral division

Question 36

Which statement best describes the parasympathetic pathway?

Question 36Select one:

a.
Preganglionic neuron is long.

b.
Motor neuron secretes Norepinephrine (NE).

c.
Postganglionic neuron is long.

d.
Preganglionic neuron secretes Norepinephrine (NE).

e.
Efferent pathway consists of three neurons.

Answer 36

a.
Preganglionic neuron is long.

Question 37

Select which of the following is not innervated by postganglionic neurons:

Question 37Select one:

a.
smooth muscle.

b.
cardiac muscle.

c.
skeletal muscle.

d.
adipose tissue.

e.
glands.

Answer 37

c.
skeletal muscle.

Question 38

Select which statement is true regarding the somatic nervous system as compared to the autonomic nervous system.

Question 38Select one:

a.
Both divisions carry information to visceral organs.

b.
The somatic neural pathways require more neurons than the autonomic neural pathways.

c.
There are no reflexes within the somatic NS, while there are many within the autonomic NS

d.
Both divisions carry outgoing motor information

Answer 38

d.
Both divisions carry outgoing motor information

Question 39

Which statement best describes the parasympathetic pathway?

Question 39Select one:

a.
Efferent pathway consists of three neurons.

b.
Motor neuron secretes Norepinephrine (NE).

c.
Postganglionic neuron is myelinated.

d.
Postganglionic neuron is short.

e.
Preganglionic neuron is short.

Answer 39

d.
Postganglionic neuron is short.

Question 40

Disorders involving the vagus cranial nerve might cause

Question 40Select one:

a.
more saliva production.

b.
a drop in blood pressure.

c.
food to remain in your stomach longer

d.
constriction of the pupils.

Answer 40

c.
food to remain in your stomach longer

Question 41

Which statement best describes the parasympathetic pathway?

Question 41Select one:

a.
Postganglionic neuron is myelinated.

b.
Efferent pathway consists of three neurons.

c.
Preganglionic neuron is short.

d.
Postganglionic neuron is long.

e.
Motor neuron secretes acetylcholine (Ach).

Answer 41

e.
Motor neuron secretes acetylcholine (Ach).

Question 42

The statement “Preganglionic axon terminals release acetylcholine” is:

Question 42Select one:

a.
true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.

b.
true only for the somatic nervous system.

c.
true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.

d.
not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems.

e.
true only for the sympathetic nervous system.

Answer 42

a.
true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.

Question 43

Which statement best describes the sympathetic pathway?

Question 44Select one:

a.
Efferent pathway consists of two neurons.

b.
Preganglionic neuron secretes Norepinephrine (NE).

c.
Postganglionic neuron is short.

d.
Preganglionic neuron is long.

e.
Motor neuron secretes Norepinephrine (NE).

Answer 43

e.
Motor neuron secretes Norepinephrine (NE).

Question 44

Which statement best describes the somatic pathway?

Question 45Select one:

a.
Origin of peripheral efferent pathway is in the lateral horn of the spinal cord.

b.
Efferent pathway originates in the hypothalamus.

c.
Targets smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands.

d.
Peripheral efferent pathway consists of one neuron.

Answer 44

d.
Peripheral efferent pathway consists of one neuron.