ANS Lecture

Question 1

Which neurons use Ach and Norepinephrine as neurotransmitters?

Answer 1

postganglionic neurons

Ach = parasympathetic
Norepinephrine = sympathetic

Question 2

Where are the cell bodies for postganglionic fibers found?

Answer 2

peripheral ganglia

Question 3

Fibers which synapse up or down the paravertebral chain and can go variable distances through the chain describe what type of neurons?

Answer 3

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons

Question 4

Which sympathetic neurons control blood vessels, sweat glands, and piloerector muscles?

Answer 4

postganglionic sympathetic neurons

Question 5

What pass through the gray rami, are C type fibers and are 8% of the fibers in the average neuron

Answer 5

postganglionic sympathetic neurons

Question 6

What are splanchnic nerves made of?

Answer 6

preganglionic fibers and visceral sensory fibers

Question 7

The greater splanchnic nerves (T5-T9) synapse where?

Answer 7

celiac ganglion

Question 8

Which splanchnic nerve synapses on the superior mesenteric ganglion?

Answer 8

Lesser splanchnic nerves (T10-T11)

Question 9

Increased:
arterial pressure, cellular metabolism rates, blood glucose concentration, glycolysis in the liver and muscle, muscle strength, mental activity, blood coagulation rate, and rerouting of blood flow to active muscles all indicate what?

Answer 9

Alarm or stress response

mass discharge of sympathetic system

Question 10

Which nerve contains 75% of all parasympathetic fibers?

Answer 10

vagus nerve

Question 11

Where do most parasympathetic preganglionic fibers go?

Answer 11

all the way to the organ they are innervating

Question 12

What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

Answer 12

general sensation and taste sensation from posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Question 13

where do the parasympathetic preganglionic fibers run for the glossopharyngeal nerve?

Answer 13

from inferior salivatory nucleus to the otic ganglion

Question 14

where do the parasympathetic postganglionic fibers run to for the glossopharyngeal nerve?

Answer 14

to the parotid gland

Question 15

Describe the synthesis of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine

Answer 15

1. Hydroxylation of tyrosine —> Dopa
2. decarboxylation of dopa –> dopamine
3. dopamine is transferred into vesicles
4. hydroxylation of dopamine –> norepinephrine

Question 16

In the adrenal medulla 80% of what is methylated to for epinephrine?

Answer 16

norepinephrine is methylated

Question 17

How do you remove norepinephrine?

Answer 17

reuptake
diffusion
destruction by monoamine oxidase (found in nerve endings)
destruction by catechol-o-methyl transferase (in all tissues)

Question 18

What destroys the epinephrine/norepinephrine when it is secreted into the blood by the adrenal medulla

Answer 18

COMT

Question 19

what receptor is found on all effector cells stimulated by postganglionic cholinergic neurons?

Answer 19

muscarinic receptors

Question 20

where are nicotinic receptors located?

Answer 20

in autonomic ganglia at the synapse between preganglionic and postganglionic
- they are also present in neuromuscular junctions

Question 21

Which andrenergic receptor increases mydocaridal strength, lipolysis, and cardioaccelaration?

Answer 21

Beta 1

Question 22

Which andrenergic receptor causes thermogenesis?

Answer 22

beta 3

Question 23

which andrenergic receptor causes vasodilation, intestinal relaxation, uterus relaxation, bronchodilation, calorigenesis, glycogenolysis, bladder wall relaxation?

Answer 23

beta 2

Question 24

which drug blocks the synthesis and storage of norepinephrine?

Answer 24

reserpine

Question 25

which drug blocks the release of norepinephrine?

Answer 25

guanethidine

Question 26

which drug blocks sympathetic beta 1 and beta 2 receptors

Answer 26

propanolol

Question 27

which drug blocks alpha receptors?

Answer 27

phenoxybenzamine/phenolamine

Question 28

which drug blocks mostly sympathetic beta 1 receptors?

Answer 28

metoprolol

Question 29

which drug blocks transmission through autonomic ganglia?

Answer 29

hexamethonium

Question 30

what is the sympathetic effect on glands?

Answer 30

increases the amount of sweating

cholinergic –> most sweat glands
andrenergic in palms/soles

Question 31

what is the parasympathetic effect on glands?

Answer 31

strong stimulation to lacrimal glands, nasal glands, salivatory glands, and upper GI glands

*lower GI = enteric system

Question 32

what is strange about sweating being a sympathetic effect on glands?

Answer 32

it is a parasympathetic function distributed via sympathetic

Question 33

What neurons in the ANS have cell bodies which are in the CNS, have myelinated axons, and use Ach as their neurotransmitter

Answer 33

Preganglionic neurons