ANS Lecture Flashcards
Which neurons use Ach and Norepinephrine as neurotransmitters?
postganglionic neurons
Ach = parasympathetic Norepinephrine = sympathetic
Where are the cell bodies for postganglionic fibers found?
peripheral ganglia
Fibers which synapse up or down the paravertebral chain and can go variable distances through the chain describe what type of neurons?
Sympathetic preganglionic neurons
Which sympathetic neurons control blood vessels, sweat glands, and piloerector muscles?
postganglionic sympathetic neurons
What pass through the gray rami, are C type fibers and are 8% of the fibers in the average neuron
postganglionic sympathetic neurons
What are splanchnic nerves made of?
preganglionic fibers and visceral sensory fibers
The greater splanchnic nerves (T5-T9) synapse where?
celiac ganglion
Which splanchnic nerve synapses on the superior mesenteric ganglion?
Lesser splanchnic nerves (T10-T11)
Increased:
arterial pressure, cellular metabolism rates, blood glucose concentration, glycolysis in the liver and muscle, muscle strength, mental activity, blood coagulation rate, and rerouting of blood flow to active muscles all indicate what?
Alarm or stress response
mass discharge of sympathetic system
Which nerve contains 75% of all parasympathetic fibers?
vagus nerve
Where do most parasympathetic preganglionic fibers go?
all the way to the organ they are innervating
What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
general sensation and taste sensation from posterior 1/3 of the tongue
where do the parasympathetic preganglionic fibers run for the glossopharyngeal nerve?
from inferior salivatory nucleus to the otic ganglion
where do the parasympathetic postganglionic fibers run to for the glossopharyngeal nerve?
to the parotid gland
Describe the synthesis of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine
- Hydroxylation of tyrosine —> Dopa
- decarboxylation of dopa –> dopamine
- dopamine is transferred into vesicles
- hydroxylation of dopamine –> norepinephrine
In the adrenal medulla 80% of what is methylated to for epinephrine?
norepinephrine is methylated
How do you remove norepinephrine?
reuptake
diffusion
destruction by monoamine oxidase (found in nerve endings)
destruction by catechol-o-methyl transferase (in all tissues)
What destroys the epinephrine/norepinephrine when it is secreted into the blood by the adrenal medulla
COMT
what receptor is found on all effector cells stimulated by postganglionic cholinergic neurons?
muscarinic receptors
where are nicotinic receptors located?
in autonomic ganglia at the synapse between preganglionic and postganglionic
- they are also present in neuromuscular junctions
Which andrenergic receptor increases mydocaridal strength, lipolysis, and cardioaccelaration?
Beta 1
Which andrenergic receptor causes thermogenesis?
beta 3
which andrenergic receptor causes vasodilation, intestinal relaxation, uterus relaxation, bronchodilation, calorigenesis, glycogenolysis, bladder wall relaxation?
beta 2
which drug blocks the synthesis and storage of norepinephrine?
reserpine
which drug blocks the release of norepinephrine?
guanethidine
which drug blocks sympathetic beta 1 and beta 2 receptors
propanolol
which drug blocks alpha receptors?
phenoxybenzamine/phenolamine
which drug blocks mostly sympathetic beta 1 receptors?
metoprolol
which drug blocks transmission through autonomic ganglia?
hexamethonium
what is the sympathetic effect on glands?
increases the amount of sweating
cholinergic –> most sweat glands
andrenergic in palms/soles
what is the parasympathetic effect on glands?
strong stimulation to lacrimal glands, nasal glands, salivatory glands, and upper GI glands
*lower GI = enteric system
what is strange about sweating being a sympathetic effect on glands?
it is a parasympathetic function distributed via sympathetic
What neurons in the ANS have cell bodies which are in the CNS, have myelinated axons, and use Ach as their neurotransmitter
Preganglionic neurons
