ANS drugs

Question 1

botulinum toxin

Answer 1

• Acts on cholinergic nerve terminal
• Enzymes that cleave cholinergic nerve terminal proteins and block ACh release
• treats muscle spasm, smooth wrinkles, and reduce excessive sweating

Question 2

edrophonium

Answer 2

• acts on AChE
• Readily reversible inhibitor of AChE
• used in reversal of neuromuscular block by nondepolarizing drugs; diagnosis of myasthenia gravis

Question 3

pyridostigmine

Answer 3

• acts on AChE
• Quarternary ammonium carbamate ester AChE inhibitor
• treatment of myasthenia gravis

Question 4

acetylcholine

Answer 4

• acts on nAChR
• cholinergic agonist (muscarinic/nicotinic)
• used in cataract (and certain other eye) surgery

Question 5

succinylcholine

Answer 5

• acts on nAChR
• partial nicotinic agonist; depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
• N-M relaxation

Question 6

tubocurarine chloride (d-tubocurarine)

Answer 6

• acts on nAChR
• competitive agonist at skeletal muscle nictotinic receptors
• N-M relaxation

Question 7

dantrolene

Answer 7

• counteracts succinylcholine-induced malignant hyperthermia
• Ryanodine receptor agonist; blocks Ca2+ release
• treats malignant hyperthermia

Question 8

acetylcholine

Answer 8

• muscarinic receptor agonist
• cholinergic agonist (both muscarinic and nicotinic)
• used in cataract (and other eye surgery)

Question 9

cevimeline

Answer 9

• M3-selective muscarinic agonist

- treats Sjoegren’s syndrome

Question 10

methacholine

Answer 10

• Non-selective muscarinic agonist

- Diagnosis of airway hyperreactivity

Question 11

atropine

Answer 11

• non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist

- treats: mydriatic, cycloplegic; reversal of vagal bradycardia; antidote for cholinesterase inhibitor toxicity

Question 12

darifenacin

Answer 12

• M3 selective muscarinic receptor antagonist

- treats incontinence; overactive bladder

Question 13

ephedrine

Answer 13

• acts on adrenergic nerve terminal
• mixed acting sympathomimetic (causes NE release from terminals and is an adrenergic receptor agonist)
• treats hypotension; bronchospasm; nasal decongestant

Question 14

methyldopa (alpha-methyldopa)

Answer 14

• acts on adrenergic nerve terminal
• converted to methylnorepinephrine in CNS, which acts like alpha2 agonist
• treats hypertension

Question 15

albuterol

Answer 15

• beta 2 selective adrenergic agonist

- prompt treatment for acute bronchospasm

Question 16

clonidine

Answer 16

• adrenergic agonist at alpha 2 selective receptors in the CNS, this results in decreased sympathetic outflow
• treats hypertension

Question 17

dobutamine

Answer 17

• beta 1 selective adrenergic agonists

- treats: increase cardiac output in acute heart failure

Question 18

dopamine

Answer 18

• adrenergic agonist
• dopamine agonist (also alpha beta agonist)
• treats shock, especially with renal shutdown; sometimes used in heart failure

Question 19

epinephrine

Answer 19

• adrenergic agonist

- treats anaphylaxis; emergency treatment of cardiac arrest

Question 20

isoproterenol

Answer 20

• non-selective beta-adrenergic agonist

- treats acute asthma; emergency treatment of cardiac arrest

Question 21

• midodrine

Answer 21

• alpha 1 selective adrenergic agonist

- treats chronic orthostatic hypertension

Question 22

phenylephrine

Answer 22

• alpha adrenergic agonist

- treats: decongestant, mydriatic, neurogenic hypotensionn, test of baroreflex

Question 23

carvedilol

Answer 23

• adrenergic antagonist at the alpha 1 and beta receptors

- treats hypertension; heart failure

Question 24

metoprolol

Answer 24

• adrenergic antagonist at beta 1 selective antagonist

- treats hypertension; heart failure

Question 25

phentolamine

Answer 25

• alpha adrenergic antagonist

- treats pheochromocytoma, antidote to overdose of adrenergic agonist

Question 26

prazosin

Answer 26

• alpha 1 selective adrenergic antagonist

- treats hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia

Question 27

propranolol

Answer 27

• nonselective beta adrenergic receptor antagonist

- treats angina, arrhythmias (treatment and prophylaxis), hypertension, tremor, anxiety, migraine