ANS drugs Flashcards
botulinum toxin
- Acts on cholinergic nerve terminal
- Enzymes that cleave cholinergic nerve terminal proteins and block ACh release
- treats muscle spasm, smooth wrinkles, and reduce excessive sweating
edrophonium
- acts on AChE
- Readily reversible inhibitor of AChE
- used in reversal of neuromuscular block by nondepolarizing drugs; diagnosis of myasthenia gravis
pyridostigmine
- acts on AChE
- Quarternary ammonium carbamate ester AChE inhibitor
- treatment of myasthenia gravis
acetylcholine
- acts on nAChR
- cholinergic agonist (muscarinic/nicotinic)
- used in cataract (and certain other eye) surgery
succinylcholine
- acts on nAChR
- partial nicotinic agonist; depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
- N-M relaxation
tubocurarine chloride (d-tubocurarine)
- acts on nAChR
- competitive agonist at skeletal muscle nictotinic receptors
- N-M relaxation
dantrolene
- counteracts succinylcholine-induced malignant hyperthermia
- Ryanodine receptor agonist; blocks Ca2+ release
- treats malignant hyperthermia
acetylcholine
- muscarinic receptor agonist
- cholinergic agonist (both muscarinic and nicotinic)
- used in cataract (and other eye surgery)
cevimeline
- M3-selective muscarinic agonist
- treats Sjoegren’s syndrome
methacholine
- Non-selective muscarinic agonist
- Diagnosis of airway hyperreactivity
atropine
- non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist
- treats: mydriatic, cycloplegic; reversal of vagal bradycardia; antidote for cholinesterase inhibitor toxicity
darifenacin
- M3 selective muscarinic receptor antagonist
- treats incontinence; overactive bladder
ephedrine
- acts on adrenergic nerve terminal
- mixed acting sympathomimetic (causes NE release from terminals and is an adrenergic receptor agonist)
- treats hypotension; bronchospasm; nasal decongestant
methyldopa (alpha-methyldopa)
- acts on adrenergic nerve terminal
- converted to methylnorepinephrine in CNS, which acts like alpha2 agonist
- treats hypertension
albuterol
- beta 2 selective adrenergic agonist
- prompt treatment for acute bronchospasm
clonidine
- adrenergic agonist at alpha 2 selective receptors in the CNS, this results in decreased sympathetic outflow
- treats hypertension
dobutamine
- beta 1 selective adrenergic agonists
- treats: increase cardiac output in acute heart failure
dopamine
- adrenergic agonist
- dopamine agonist (also alpha beta agonist)
- treats shock, especially with renal shutdown; sometimes used in heart failure
epinephrine
- adrenergic agonist
- treats anaphylaxis; emergency treatment of cardiac arrest
isoproterenol
- non-selective beta-adrenergic agonist
- treats acute asthma; emergency treatment of cardiac arrest
- midodrine
- alpha 1 selective adrenergic agonist
- treats chronic orthostatic hypertension
phenylephrine
- alpha adrenergic agonist
- treats: decongestant, mydriatic, neurogenic hypotensionn, test of baroreflex
carvedilol
- adrenergic antagonist at the alpha 1 and beta receptors
- treats hypertension; heart failure
metoprolol
- adrenergic antagonist at beta 1 selective antagonist
- treats hypertension; heart failure
phentolamine
- alpha adrenergic antagonist
- treats pheochromocytoma, antidote to overdose of adrenergic agonist
prazosin
- alpha 1 selective adrenergic antagonist
- treats hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia
propranolol
- nonselective beta adrenergic receptor antagonist
- treats angina, arrhythmias (treatment and prophylaxis), hypertension, tremor, anxiety, migraine
