ANS drugs Flashcards by Nicole Sheung

Neostigmine

indirect acting cholinergic stimulants (AchE inhibitors)

reversible

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carbachol

direct-acting cholinergic agonist

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donepezil

indirect acting cholinergic stimulants (AchE inhibitors)

reversible

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bethanechol

direct-acting cholinergic agonist

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edrophonium

indirect acting cholinergic stimulants (AchE inhibitors)

reversible

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Pilocarpine

direct-acting cholinergic agonist

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physostigmine

indirect acting cholinergic stimulants (AchE inhibitors)

reversible

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tacrine

indirect acting cholinergic stimulants (AchE inhibitors)

reversible

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organophosphates

Irreversible indirect acting cholinergic stimulants

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Applications of cholinergic stimulants

GI/ urinary bladder atonia
Alzheimer disease
Glaucoma
Myasthenia gravis
Reversal of neuromuscular blockade
Reversal of anticholinergic induced CNS toxicity

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atropine

anti muscarinic of anticholinergic

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anticholinergic drugs side effects

dry mouth
blurred vision
urinary retention
constipation
tachycardia

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Clonidine
Uses
adverse effects

alpha_2 selective agonist

Teat HTN, anxiety

dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth

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Antimuscarinics applications

pulmonary
cardiovascular
ophthalmology
urinary - decrease smooth muscle tone
GI - decrease muscle tone
CNS: Parkinson, Motion sickness
cholinergic poisoning

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phenylephrine
Uses
adverse effects

alpha_1 selective agonists

Nasal congestion by decreasing blood flow and secretion

HTN, HA, reflex bradycardia

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isoproteronol

Uses

non selective beta agonists

Treat bronchospasm

Cautions!! Flushing, angina, arrhythmia

Dobutamine

Uses

Beta_1 selective agonist

Treat cardiac failure

albuterol, salmetrol, ritodine

adverse effects

beta_2 selective agonists

Albuterol and salmetrol for asthma
Ritodine for premature labor

nervousness, restlessness, no cardiac side effects because there is no much B2 receptors in hearts

prazosin

Uses

alpha 1 slective adrenergic antagonist

Treat HTN

Epinephrine, Norepineprine

adverse effects

non selective mixed alpha, beta adrenergic agonist

excess CNS excitation, excess stimulation of cardiovascular system

phentolamine

Uses

non-selective alpha adrenergic antagonists

Treat HTN

yohimbine

Use

alpha 2 selective adrenergic antagonist

Erectile dysfunction

propanolol

Adverse effects

non-selective beta adrenergic antagonist

Bronchoconstriction, decrease cardiac function too much

Cautions!! Don’t prescribe to patient with pulmonary and respiratory conditions

metoprolol

Adverse effects

Beta 1 selective adrenergic antagonist

Cardiac selective

Not as much as nonselective b antagonist, there is not much b1 receptors in lung

2 types of cholinergic stimulants

1. Direct acting - nicotinic and muscarinic | 2. Indirect acting - reversible and irreversible

Difference between direct and indirect acting cholinergic stimulants

Indirect acting has a relatively low specificity

Cholinergic stimulants adverse effects

Miosis, urination, bradycardia, bronchoconstriction, lacrimation, excitation of CNS, diarrhea, salivation, sweating

2 types of anticholinergics

Antimuscarinic | Antinicotinic

2 types of antinicotinic

Ganglion blockers | NMJ blockers

Applications of antimiscarinic

``` Pulmonary - asthma Cardivascular Ophalmology Urinary - decrease smooth muscle tone GI - decrease muscle tone CNS - PD, motion sickness Cholinergic poisoning ```

2 major classes of adrenergic drugs

Sympathomimetics | Sympatholytics - inhibit SNS

2 types of adrenergic agonists

Direct acting - alpha, beta, mixed agonists | Indirect acting - releasers, reuptake blockers

Tizanidine Uses Adverse effects

Alpha 2 selective agonist Treat spasticity Dizziness, drowsiness and dry mouth

2 types of adrenergic antagonists

Alpha and beta blockers

Adverse effects of non selective alpha and alpha 1 antagonists

Reflex tachycardia

Uses of B and B1 antagonists

Cardiac condition - angina, HTN, arrhythmia