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Pharmacology - ANS-CVS > ANS-CVS 1 > Flashcards

ANS-CVS 1 Flashcards

2
Q

where does sympathetic nerves arise?

A

emerge from thoracic area of spine

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3
Q

where does parasympathetic nerves arise?

A

from cranial nerves and lumbar sacral areas of spine

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4
Q

length of pre and postsynaptic nerve for sympathetic nerves

A

pre: short
post: long
ganglion: inside sympathetic chain

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5
Q

length of pre and postsynaptic nerve for parasympathetic nerves

A

pre: long
post: short
ganglion: in wall of organ/tissue

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6
Q

explain somatic nerve

A
  • supply skeletal muscle
  • no ganglions
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7
Q

main neurotransmitters in ANS?

A

Ach and NE

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8
Q

what organ/tissue in sympathetic pathway with no postsynaptic fibre?

A

adrenal gland

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9
Q

what sympathetic pathway that include both Ach and NE

A

pathway to smooth mucle, cardiac cells and gland cells to contract

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10
Q

functions of parasympathetic

A
  • SLUDD (salivation, lacrimation, urination, digestion, defeacation)- anabolic, conserves and stores energy
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11
Q

functions of sympathetic

A
  • fight or flight- catabolic, mobilises energy, raise BP and body temperature, dilates airways etc
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12
Q

non-adrenergic and non-cholinergic neurotransmitter

A
  • nitric oxide- serotonin- ATP- GABA- dopamine- purines- neuropeptide
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13
Q

general sequence of neurotransmitter

A
  1. synthesis2. storage3. release4. recognition5. reuptake/metabolism
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14
Q

Ach synthesis by

A

choline acetyltranferase

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15
Q

hydrolysis of Ach by

A

acetylcholine esterase

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16
Q

choline reuptake by

A

Na+ driven symport

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17
Q

types of Ach receptors

A
  • nicotinic (Nm and Nn)- muscarinic ( M1, M2, M3)
18
Q

explain nicotinic receptors

A
  1. muscle-type and nerve-type2. cause membrane depolarization3. role in neuromuscular junction (skeletal) and ganglionic transmission (nerve)
19
Q

explain muscarinic M1

A
  1. in CNS, ganglia, gastric, parietal cells2. increase IP3, DAG (excitation)3. role in memory CNS, gastric acid secretion, GI motility
20
Q

explain muscarinic M2

A
  1. in cardiac conducting tissue and presynaptic terminals2. decrease CAMP (inhibition)3. role in cardiac, presynaptic and neural inhibition
21
Q

explain muscarinic M3

A
  1. exocrine gland, smooth muscle and blood vessels2. increase IP3, DAG (excitation)3. role in secretion, SM contraction, vasodilatation
22
Q

cholinoceptor agonists

A
  • acetylcholine- carbachol- methacholine- bethanechol
23
Q

cholinoceptor agonist that do not hydrolyse by AchE

A

bethanecol

24
Q

Nicotinic muscular type agonist

A
  • Ach- suxamethonium- decamethonium
25
Q

nicotinic muscular type antagonist

A
  • vecuronium- pancuronium
26
Q

nicotinic nerve type agonist

A
  • Ach- nicotine- epibatidine
27
Q

nicotinic nerve type antagonist

A
  • trimetaphan- hexamethonium
28
Q

AchE can be block by

A

serine occlusion

29
Q

products of hydrolysis of AchE are

A
  • choline- acetic acid- regenerated enzyme
30
Q

reuptake of NA is blocked by

A
  • cocaine- tricyclic antidepressants
31
Q

adrenoceptor B1

A
  1. in heart, intestine, smooth muscle2. increase cAMP3. increase BP
32
Q

adrenoceptor B2

A
  1. In bronchial, vascular and uterine smooth muscle2. bronchodilation, vasodilation, uterine SM3. increase cAMP
33
Q

adrenoceptor A1

A
  1. postsynaptic 2. increase IP3, DAG3. increase BP4. cause vasoconstriction
34
Q

adrenoceptor A2

A
  1. presynaptic2. decrease cAMP
35
Q

a adrenoreceptors agonist specificity

A

noradrenaline > adrenaline > isoprenaline

36
Q

b adrenoreceptors agonist specificity

A

isoprenaline >> adrenaline > noradrenaline

37
Q

a adrenoreceptors antagonist specificity

A

phentolamine

38
Q

b adrenoreceptors antagonist specificity

A

propanalol

39
Q

actions of NA terminated by when

A
  1. reuptake into nerve terminal2. dilution and diffusion from cleft and uptake at non-neuronal sites3. metabolic transformation
40
Q

enzymes important in biotransformation of cathecholamines

A
  1. COMT (cathecol-0-methyl transferase)2. MAO (monoamine oxidase)

Pharmacology - ANS-CVS (3 decks)

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