ANS blood pressure

Question 1

What regulates cardiovascular function?

Answer 1

the autonomic nervous system (ANS) monitors and modulates blood pressure and SA node activity

Question 2

What is a center/ brain center

Answer 2

a collection of interneurons that receive sensory input about a functions and create motor output to alter that function

Question 3

cardiovascular centers are located in… and divided into… centers

Answer 3

hind brain and divided into 2 centers

Question 4

cardiovascular center - cardiac control

Answer 4

• heart rate
  -cardioaccelatory neurons (increase heart rate)
  sympathetic
  visceral motor neurons
  Norephinephrine (NE)
  increase rate of action potentials of SA node
  -cardioinhibitory neurons (decrease heart rate)
  parasympathetic
  viceral motor neurons
  acetylcholine (ACh)
  rate of action potentials decrease

Question 5

cardiovascular center - vasomotor control

Answer 5

-vessels
-vasoconstriction
-vasodilation

Question 6

variables that affect blood pressure

Answer 6

-cardiac output
-compliance
-volume and viscosity of blood
-blood vessel diameter

Question 7

Cardiac output

Answer 7

Amount of blood the left ventricle pumps in 1 minute
CO= Stroke volume x Heart rate
higher cardiac output = higher pressure

Question 8

Compliance

Answer 8

ability of a compartment to expand to accommodate increased content
- low compliance = higher blood pressure

Question 9

Volume and viscosity of blood

Answer 9

increase blood volume/viscosity = higher blood pressure

Question 10

Change in vessel diameter

Answer 10

vasoconstriction–> smaller vessel diameter, higher blood pressure (sympathetic)
Vasodilation—–> larger vessels, lower blood pressure (parasympathetic)

Question 11

How does the body maintain blood pressure at rest?

Answer 11

using a visceral neural circuit

Question 12

examples where blood pressure is altered at rest?

Answer 12

change in. posture, hydration state, stress, or disease

Question 13

first step in blood pressure neuronal circuit

Answer 13

starts with sensory input to cardiovascular control center in medulla

Question 14

what causes baroreceptors to depolarize?

Answer 14

arterial stretch due to increasing pressure

Question 15

describe baroreceptors

Answer 15

neurons with mechanical-gated sodium channels (open when vessel is stretched)
- found in aorta and carotid sinus

Question 16

what is the relationship between rate of action potentials and amount of vessel stretch

Answer 16

more stretch more action potentials

Question 17

describe visceral motor response Sympathetic

Answer 17

-occurs when blood pressure is too low
- visceral motor neurons increase heart rate and activate cardioacceleratory neurons
-Vasoconstriction- release norepinephrine or epinephrine NE from adrenal gland.

Question 18

describe visceral motor response Parasympathetic

Answer 18

-occurs when blood pressure is too high
-visceral motor neurons decrease heart rate and activate cardioinhibitory neurons
-vasodilation- dilate due to decrease of norepinephrine NE