ANS - Autonomic Nervous System Homework Qs Flashcards
The nurse is assessing an adolescent after the administration of epinephrine. Which side effect is most important for the nurse to identify?
Tachycardia
Epinephrine is a sympathetic nervous system stimulant that primarily causes tachycardia.
Which side effect would the nurse assess for after epinephrine is administered to an infant with severe bronchospasms?
Tachycardia
Epinephrine stimulates beta- and alpha-receptors, increasing heart rate and blood pressure.
A 12-year-old child has just received a dose of epinephrine. Which assessment is the priority after this medication is administered?
Heart rate
Heart rate assessment is crucial due to the risk of significant tachycardia.
A client is experiencing anaphylaxis from an insect sting. Which medication should the nurse administer?
Epinephrine
Epinephrine is the medication of choice for treating anaphylaxis.
A nurse is monitoring a client who received epinephrine for angioedema (facial swelling) after a first dose of losartan. Which of the following data indicates a therapeutic response to the epinephrine?
Respirations are unlabored.
Improvement in respiratory effort is the most important indicator of therapeutic response.
A nurse is caring for a client who received an injection of penicillin G procaine. The client begins to experience dyspnea and tongue swelling. Which of the following actions should the nurse perform first?
Administer epinephrine subcutaneously, intramuscular or IV
Administering epinephrine is the priority action in anaphylaxis.
A client with a history of methamphetamine use is admitted to the medical unit. Which clinical manifestation would the nurse expect when assessing the client who is under the influence on admission?
Increased heart rate
Methamphetamine activates the sympathetic nervous system, increasing heart rate.
Which body system is affected by excessive use of amphetamine/dextroamphetamine?
Cardiac
Excessive use can lead to increased heart rate and dysrhythmias.
A client is admitted to the acute medical unit for severe amphetamine intoxication. Which medications are indicated to counteract the effects of stimulant intoxication?
Diazepam (anti-seizure/relaxation) & Propranol (anti-hypertensive/slows heart rate)
Diazepam reduces seizure risk, and Propranolol decreases adrenergic stimulation.
Which drug category applies to cocaine?
Stimulants
Cocaine is classified as a stimulant, causing effects similar to amphetamines.
Which medication is the first choice of medication for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Methylphenidate
Methylphenidate is the first-line treatment for ADHD.
The nurse is teaching the parents of a child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Which medication would the nurse include as the frequently prescribed medication for this disorder?
Methylphenidate
Methylphenidate stimulates the release of norepinephrine in the brain.
Which medications would NOT be indicated for management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Benztropine
Benztropine is used for antipsychotic side effects, not ADHD treatment.
Methylphenidate is prescribed to treat a child’s attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Which effect of methylphenidate is used in the treatment of ADHD in children?
Paradoxical/Opposite
Methylphenidate has a calming effect on children with ADHD.
A child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is prescribed methylphenidate. The mother asks about its action and side effects.
Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
“It is a stimulant that has a calming effect on children with ADHD.”
Methylphenidate often leads to weight loss due to appetite suppression.
A nurse is teaching the parents of a child who has ADHD about methylphenidate. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
“Restrict your child’s intake of caffeine while she is taking this medication.”
Late administration can lead to insomnia in children.
The clinic nurse is collecting data from a client who is taking prescribed methylphenidate for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and is requesting an increase in the dose. Which statement by the client would require immediate follow-up by the nurse?
“This medication is not calming me down even with green tea.”
Combining caffeine with methylphenidate can exacerbate side effects.
A health care provider prescribes methylphenidate for a child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Which instruction would the nurse provide when teaching the parents about this medication?
Monitor the effect of the medication on their child’s behavior.
Administering with meals helps manage appetite suppression.
Methylphenidate has been prescribed with meals for a child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Which rationale would the nurse provide for the parents about the timing of the medication administration?
Ritalin depresses the appetite.
Methylphenidate can suppress appetite.
The nurse is teaching the parents of a child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) about the prescribed medication methylphenidate. Which time identifies when the daily dose will be administered?
Just after breakfast
This timing helps to minimize appetite suppression.
Which test would the nurse identify as specific for the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis?
Edrophonium chloride test
This test provides immediate increases in muscle strength.
A client is undergoing diagnostic testing for myasthenia gravis. Which test would the nurse identify as the most specific for this diagnosis?
Edrophonium chloride test
A client suspected of having myasthenia gravis is scheduled for an edrophonium chloride test. To treat a common complication associated with the test, the nurse will have which medication available?
Atropine
Atropine is an anticholinergic used to counteract severe muscle weakness.
A client is admitted to the hospital for diagnostic testing for possible myasthenia gravis. The nurse prepares for intravenous administration of edrophonium chloride (Tensilon). What is the expected outcome for this client following administration of this pharmacologic agent?
Decreased muscle weakness
Edrophonium chloride temporarily reduces muscle weakness.
Which conclusion would the nurse make about the development of loose stools and increased salivation two days after a client with myasthenia gravis begins taking pyridostigmine?
The medication is causing cholinergic side effects.
These effects result from increased parasympathetic activity.
The anticholinesterase medication pyridostigmine is prescribed for the client with myasthenia gravis.
When providing medication teaching, the nurse explains that the client should expect a decrease in which function?
Heart rate
Increased cholinergic activity typically results in bradycardia.
A client presents to the clinic for a follow-up appointment after starting pyridostigmine for management of myasthenia gravis. Which new client problem are NOT an adverse effects of pyridostigmine?
Diplopia (double vision)
Diplopia is a symptom of myasthenia gravis, not a side effect of the medication.
A client with myasthenia gravis begins taking pyridostigmine. Two days later, the client develops loose stools and increased salivation.
Which conclusion would the nurse make about these new developments?
The medication is causing cholinergic side effects.
This timing coincides with the peak action of the medication.
The health care provider prescribes neostigmine for a client with myasthenia gravis. Which client statement indicates understanding regarding medication management plans?
“I should take the medication at the exact time that is listed on the prescription.”
This minimizes dysphagia during feeding.
Pyridostigmine bromide is prescribed for a client with myasthenia gravis. The nurse evaluates that the medication regimen is understood when the client makes which statement?
“I need to set an alarm so I take the medication on time.”
This action prolongs the effect of acetylcholine at the myoneural junction.
A client with myasthenia gravis is receiving pyridostigmine bromide to control symptoms.
Recently, the client has begun experiencing increased difficulty in swallowing. Which nursing action is effective in preventing aspiration of food?
Coordinate mealtimes with the peak effect of the medication.
Neostigmine is an anticholinesterase that acts at the myoneural junction.
Pyridostigmine is prescribed for a client with myasthenia gravis. Why would the nurse instruct the client to take pyridostigmine about 1 hour before meals?
Taking it before meals improves the ability to chew.
Cholinergics increase tone in the genitourinary tract by intensifying acetylcholine action.
A client begins treatment with pyridostigmine bromide therapy for myasthenia gravis. Which action would the nurse perform in administration of the medication?
Evaluate the client’s muscle strength every hour after the medication is given.
They help prevent urinary retention, not for kidney stones or urinary tract infections.
Which action would the nurse perform when beginning pyridostigmine bromide therapy for a client with myasthenia gravis?
Evaluate the client’s muscle strength every hour after the medication is given.
A client with myasthenia gravis has been receiving neostigmine and asks about its action. Which information would the nurse consider when formulating a response?
Blocks the action of cholinesterase
The health care provider prescribes a cholinergic medication to treat a client’s urinary problem.
Which effect would the nurse anticipate?
Urinary retention is prevented.
Cholinergic agonists are prescribed for which type of urinary condition?
Urine retention
The nurse has administered fentanyl, atropine, cefazolin, and benzocaine to a client for an endoscopic procedure. The nurse is monitoring the client and notes that the heart rate has increased from the pre-procedure baseline. The nurse knows that which of the following medications is most likely responsible for the client’s increased heart rate?
Atropine
Atropine is an anticholinergic that can increase heart rate and dilate pupils.
During a procedure, the client’s heart rate drops to 38 beats/min. Which medication is indicated to treat bradycardia?
Atropine sulfate
Atropine blocks vagal stimulation of the SA node, increasing heart rate.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a cardiopulmonary arrest. The nurse anticipates the emergency response team will administer which of the following medications if the client’s restored rhythm is symptomatic bradycardia?
Atropine
Atropine is administered for symptomatic bradycardia during CPR.
When a client exhibits severe bradycardia, which type of medication will the nurse be prepared to administer?
Anticholinergic
Anticholinergics block parasympathetic effects, increasing heart rate.
The nurse is caring for a client who has been prescribed atropine preoperatively. The nurse understands the intended purpose for administering this preoperatively is to induce which effect?
Decrease secretions
Atropine reduces secretions to decrease aspiration risk during surgery.
Which action is likely to reduce the pancreatic and gastric secretions of a client with pancreatitis?
Administer prescribed anticholinergic medication such as atropine.
Anticholinergics block impulses stimulating pancreatic and gastric secretions.
The nurse is discharging a client with a new prescription for tiotropium to help manage the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. What information should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?
This medication cannot be used to relieve sudden breathing problems.
Tiotropium cannot be used for sudden breathing problems and should never be swallowed.
The nurse in an urology office is developing a plan of care for a client newly diagnosed with urge urinary incontinence due to an overactive bladder.
Which interventions should the nurse include?
Administration of anticholinergic drugs
Anticholinergics relax smooth muscle and increase bladder capacity.
The nurse is caring for a client who was recently prescribed atropine as a treatment for symptomatic bradycardia. Which condition should the nurse question as a contraindication when taking this medication?
Glaucoma
Atropine can increase intraocular pressure, worsening glaucoma.
Which ophthalmic solution is contraindicated for clients with glaucoma?
Atropine
Atropine dilates pupils, increasing intraocular pressure.
A health care provider prescribes tolterodine for a client with an overactive bladder. Which action is important to include in client teaching?
Avoid activities requiring alertness until the response to medication is known.
Tolterodine can cause dizziness and blurred vision.
An adult client is given a prescription for a scopolamine patch (Transderm Scop) to prevent motion sickness while on a cruise. Which information should the nurse provide to the client?
Apply the patch at least 4 hours prior to departure.
Scopolamine has a peak onset in 6 hours.
A nurse at an ophthalmology clinic is providing teaching to a client who has open-angle glaucoma and a new treatment regimen of timolol and pilocarpine eye drops. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide?
Administer the medications 5 min apart.
This prevents contamination and ensures proper absorption.
Pilocarpine is used as part of the diagnostic process of a toddler suspected of cystic fibrosis.
The nurse knows that the pilocarpine would stimulate which process?
Activity of sweat glands
Pilocarpine stimulates sweat production for diagnostic testing.
A nurse is teaching the parents of a school-age child who has ADHD about atomoxetine. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
“Give the dose in the morning to help prevent insomnia.”
Atomoxetine can cause insomnia as a common adverse effect.
