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DRUG CLASSIFICATION > ANS > Flashcards

ANS Flashcards

1
Q

Acetyl Choline

A

Direct acting Cholinergic Agonist

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2
Q

Bethanechol

A

Direct Acting Cholinergic Agonist
Lacks nicotinic action
1 hr duration of action

Action : Effects on smooth muscle of bladder and GI tract

Indication: In urologic treatment, to stimulate atonic bladders, particularly in postpartum, postoperative , non obstructive urinary retention
To treat neurogenic atony & megacolon.

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3
Q

Carbachol

A

Class: Direct Acting Cholinergic Agonist

Action: muscarinic & nicotinic
On CVS and GI tract, eye miosis

Indication: Miotic agent to treat Glaucoma. Intraocular pressure reduced for 4 - 8 hrs

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4
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Therapeutic Class: Direct Acting Cholinergic Agonist

Chemical class: tertiary Amine alkaloid

Action: non selective, powerful secretagogue,

Indication: Sjögren’s Syndrome for dry mouth and lack of tears,
For Glaucoma , decreasing intraocular pressure by increased drainage of aq. Humor

Adverse effects: diaphoresis, salivation, CNS disturbance, same effects as mushrooms genus INOCYB

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5
Q

Edrophonium

A

Therapeutic Class: Indirect Acting Cholinergic Agonist
Chemical class: Quaterney Amine

Short duration of action 10 to 20 min

Indication: Diagnosis of Myasthenia Gravis,
Differentiation b/w Cholinergic Crisis and Myasthenic Crisis
Reversing effects of non-depolarizing neuromuscular Blockers after surgery.

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6
Q

Physostigmine

A

Therapeutic Class: Indirect Acting Cholinergic Agonist
Chemical class: Nitrogenous Carbamic Acid

Action: muscarinic , nicotinic and NMJ sites
Duration: 2 to 4 hr

Action: for Atony of Bladder and intestine
Glaucoma treatment, antidote for overdose of Atropine , phenothiazine and TCAs

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7
Q

Neostigmine

A

Therapeutic Class: Direct Acting Cholinergic Agonist

Chemical class: Carbamic Acid ester (quaternary N)

Duration : 30 min to 2h

Action: bladder GI, treat symptoms of Myasthenia gravis,
Antidote for tubocurarine

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8
Q

Pyridostigmine

Ambenonium

A

Therapeutic Class: Direct Acting Cholinergic Agonist

For chronic management of Myasthenia gravis
Duration : 3 to 6 h & 4 to 8 h respectively

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9
Q

Tacrine
Donepezil
Rivastigmine
Galantamine

A

Therapeutic Class: Direct Acting Cholinergic Agonist
Anti Alzheimer’s

Alzheimer’s Disease (for loss of cognitive function)

Tacrine causes hepatotoxicity
All cause GI distress.

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10
Q

Echothiophate

A

Therapeutic Class: Indirect Acting Cholinergic Agonist (Irreversible)
Chemical Class: organophosphate

Duration: 1 week

Indication: treatment for chronic open angle glaucoma
Potential risk for causing cataracts and Cholinergic poisoning

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11
Q

Pralidoxime (PAM)

A

For reactivation of Acetylcholinesterase

Used in organophosphate poisoning along with Atropine

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12
Q

Atropine

A

Therapeutic Class: Antimuscarinic

Chemical class: tertiary Amine (bella donna alkaloid)

Duration : 4 hrs

Indication: mydriatic and cycloplegic effect for eye examination
L-hyoscyamine isomer as antispasmodic
Antidote for Cholinergic and mushroom poisoning
Prophylaxis in surgery to block secretion in respiratory tract

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13
Q

Scopolamine

A 
Anti muscarinic
Tertiary amine
Anti motion sickness (prophylaxis)
Blocks short term memory (adjunct with anesthesia)
May produce euphoria
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14
Q

Ipratropium

Tiotropium

A

Therapeutic Class: anti muscarinic

Chemical class: quaternary derivative of Atropine

Inhaled

Bronchodilator for treatment of bronchospasm (COPD)

Tiotropium (once daily)
Ipratropium ( 4 times per day)

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15
Q

Tropicamide

Cyclopentolate

A

Therapeutic Class: anti muscarinic

Mydriasis and cycloplegia
Short acting (6 & 24 h respectively)
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16
Q

Benztropine

Trihexyphenidyl

A

Therapeutic Class: anti muscarinic

Parkinson disease

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17
Q 
Darifenacin 
Fesoterodine
Oxybutynin
Solifenacin
Tolterodine
Trospium Cl
A

Therapeutic Class: anti muscarinic

Treatment of over active bladder

Oxybutynin ( transdermal patch) causes less dry mouth

18
Q

Nicotine

A

Ganglionic Blocker

19
Q

Mecamylamine

A

Ganglionic Blocker

20
Q 
Atracurium
Cis atracurium
Pancuronium
Rocuronium
Vecuronium

Tubocurarine (discontinued)

A

Non-depolarizing competitive
Neuromuscular Blocker

Used in surgery to have complete muscle relaxation
To facilitate intubation
And for orthopedic surgery

21
Q

Succinyl Choline

A

Depolarizing competitive
Neuromuscular Blocker

Muscle relaxant

Adverse effects:
- Hyperthermia (with Halothane)
- Apnea in:
(people deficient in plasma cholinesterase)
(patients with electrolyte imbalance)
(patients taking Digoxin or diuretics)
- hyperkalemia (especially in burn patients)

22
Q

Epinephrine

A

Aderenergic Agonist (Direct)
Catecholamine Neurotransmitter
Synthesized from TYROSINE in Adrenal Medulla
Low dose –> B- rec , causes vasodilation
High dose–> a-rec (vasoconstriction)

23
Q

Epinephrine action

A

Action:
Cardiovascular : increase contractility & rate of contraction

Renal: B1 rec kidney to cause renin release —> forms angiotensin II (vasoconstrictor) . causes peripheral constriction and systemic dilation

Respiratory: B2 , bronchodilation , inhibits release of histamines

Hyperglycemia: B2 Increase glucagon 2, a2 decrease insulin

Lipolysis: b rec, stimulate lipase, hydrolyzes triacylglycerols to fatty acids & glycerols

24
Q

epinephrine therapy

A

bronchospasm
anaphylactic shock
cardian arrest
Adjucnt with local anethesia

25
Q

epinephrine adverse effects and interactions

A 
Ad effects: 
CNS: anxiety, fear, tension, headache, tremor
Hemorrhage
cardiac arrhythmias
Pulmonary edema
Interaction:
Hyperthyroidism
Cocaine
Diabetes
B blocker
Inhalation anesthetics
26
Q

Nor epinephrine

A

neuromediator of adrenergic nerves

used to treat shock

27
Q

Isoproterenol

A

Adrenergic agonist (direct)
Synthetic catecholamine
B1 and B2
stimulate heart in emergency situation

28
Q

Dopamine

A 
direct adrenergic agonist
Metabolic precursor of norepinephrine
occurs in CNS and adrenal medulla
a1, B1, D1, D2
D1 renal and peripheral mesentric vascular beds. Vasodilatio.
D2 mediate nor epinephrine release
for cardiogenic and septic shock
29
Q

Fenoldopam

A

D1 agonist
affinity for a2 receptors
to treat severe hypertension

30
Q

Dobutamine

A

adrenergic agonist direct
Synthetic catecholamine

To increase cardiac output in congestive heart failure
tolerance from prolonged use.

31
Q

Oxymetazoline

A

Direct adrenergic agonist
a1 & a2
eye and nose as vasoconstrictor for nasal decongestion, redness of eye from swimming, cold, lenses.

32
Q

Phenylephrine

A 
Direct acting adrenergic agonist
a1
nasal decongestant, 
for mydriasis 
to raise BP and terminate supraventricular tachy cardia
33
Q

Clonidine

A

a2 agonist direct

used in withdrawal therapy of opiates, benzodiazepines and tobacco

34
Q

Metaproterenol

A

adrenergic agonist direct

35
Q

Albuterol

Terbutaline

A

B2 Agonist Direct
short acting
metered dose inhalers
Terbutaline: uterine relaxant to suppress premature labor

36
Q

Salmeterol & Formeterol

A 
B2 agonist
Metered dose inhalers for bronchodilation
combo with corticosteroids
for nocturnal asthma
Death in overuse
37
Q

Amphetamine

A 
Adrenergic agonist indirect
by blockade of norepinephrine uptake & cellular release of stored catecholamines.
ADHD in children
Narcolepsy
Appetite Control
38
Q

Tyramine

A

adrenergic agonist indirect

Enters nerve terminal and displaces stored epinephrine

39
Q

Cocaine

A

Indirect adrenergic agonist
Blocks Na+/K+ activated ATPase , required for cellular uptake of norepinephrine.
CNS stimulant

40
Q

Ephedrine

Pseudoephedrine

A

Mixed adrenergic agonist
Release stored epinephrine & directly stimulate a & B rec
Longer action as poor substrate for MAO & COMT
can cause CVS adverse effects

DRUG CLASSIFICATION (5 decks)

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