Ans

Question 1

What is the ANS responsible for ?

Answer 1

For regulation of visceral functions (heart/lungs/abd content) and
maintainable of homeostasis of the internal environment

Question 2

What does the ANS consist of ?

Answer 2

Efferent neurons in the peripheral nervous system

Question 3

What do the efferent neurons control?

Answer 3

They control 3 types of cells:
1-smooth muscle cells
2-cardiac muscle cells
3-gland cells

Question 4

Is the ANS consciously controlled?

Answer 4

No it’s controlled by the unconscious

Question 5

What are the divisions of the ANS?

Answer 5

Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
Enteric division

Question 6

What does the ANS consist of?

Answer 6

A 2 neuron chain

Question 7

What’s the first neuron and the second neuron called ?

Answer 7

Preganglionic neuron (the cell body in the CNS)
They synapse in the ganglia with the the second neuron called: post ganglionic neuron

Question 8

Where do preganglionic neurons be? (In the SANS)

Answer 8

They lie in the intermediolateral cell column between T1 and L2.

Question 9

How do preganglionic fibres synapse? (SANS)

Answer 9

In paired paravertebral ganglia (22 of these on either side of the spinal cord extending from cervical to sacral region)

Question 10

What may preganglionic neurons do before synapsing? (SANS)

Answer 10

They may pass up/down the paravertebral ganglia before synapsing

Question 11

What are the exceptions to pre/post ganglionic synapsing ? (SANS)

Answer 11

Some preganglionic neurons pass through the paravertebral column without synapsing

Question 12

Preganglionic neurons that pass without synapsing what do they do? (SANS)

Answer 12

These preganglionic neurons eventually synapse with the postganglionic neuron in the prevertebral ganglia

Question 13

What do post ganglionic neurons do? (SANS)

Answer 13

They innervate the glands, blood vessels and smooth muscles of the abdominal and pelvic viscera

Question 14

What is an adrenal gland considered to be? (SANS)

Answer 14

A specialised sympathetic ganglia

Question 15

What do some preganglionic fibres do? (SANS)

Answer 15

They directly innervate adrenal glands

Question 16

What’s the effect of stimulation ? (SANS)

Answer 16

To release adrenaline/noradrenaline into the blood resulting in a diffuse/wide ranging sympathetic response

Question 17

Between pre and post ganglionic neurons is what NT? (SANS)

Answer 17

Acetylcholine is released

Question 18

As there’s 2 neurons m, 2 NTs are needed so which are they? (SANS)

Answer 18

Between pre and post G neurons the NT Is acetylcholine

Between the postganglionic neuron and the effector, noradrenaline is released

Question 19

What are the receptor subtypes of noradrenaline?

Answer 19

Alpha and beta

Question 20

What are some minor exceptions in NT..?

Answer 20

Sympathetic cholinergic innervation to some muscle blood vessels and sweat glands

Question 21

Where are the cell bodies of the preganglionic neurons of the PNS?

Answer 21

They lie in the brain stem and intermediolateral cell column of the sacral spinal cord (cranio-sacral outflow)

Question 22

Where’s the ganglia of the PNS?

Answer 22

Close to the effector, Sometimes the ganglia (+postGN) are part of the effector

Question 23

Between the pre and post ganglionic neuron what NT is released? (PNS)

Answer 23

Acetylcholine is released and the receptor subtype is nicotinic

Question 24

Between the post ganglionic neuron (of the PNS) and the effector what NT is released?

Answer 24

Acetylcholine and the receptor subtype is muscarinic

Question 25

What do preganglionic neuron of the SNS leave the spinal cord via? (And what do they release at each synapse ?)

Answer 25

The thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves
They release ATCH which stimulates the post ganglionic neurons
The post ganglionic neurons release the NT Noradrenaline onto effector structures (cardiac/smooth muscle)

Question 26

What do preganglionic neurons of the PNS leave the spinal cord via ? (And what do they release at each synapse)?

Answer 26

They leave the spinal cord via the spinal nerve/cranial nerve.
They release ACTH onto postganglionic neurons
Post ganglionic neurons release ACTH onto effector structures!