ANS

Question 1

ANS is centrally regulated by nuclei in: (4)

Answer 1

Medulla
Pons
Hypothalamus
Spinal cord

Question 2

Afferents tracts affecting CNS classified as: (4)

Answer 2

1. Visceral afferents
2. Somatic afferents
3. Central chemo afferents
4. Cognitive components

Question 3

Divisions of ANS

Answer 3

Sympathetic NS

Parasympathetic NS

Question 4

SNS is designed for _____, some examples include _____

Answer 4

Coping with acute challenges

Ex: HR, BP

Question 5

PSNS regulates (2)

Answer 5

Metabolism
Cardiovascular function

** More localized in action**

Question 6

Preganglionic neurons are ________ fibers that primarily use _____ (a neurotransmitter)

Answer 6

Cholinergic

ACh

Question 7

Post-ganglionic fibers have receptors that can bind

Answer 7

ACh or nicotine

Question 8

What are cholinergic-nicotine, N2 receptors?

Answer 8

Post-ganglionic cholinergic receptors that bind nicotine

Question 9

Post-ganglionic fibers are _____ and primarily use ____ (a neurotransmitter)

Answer 9

Noradrenergic

Norepi

Question 10

When post-ganglionic receptors are activated, it allows _____ because the receptors are ______

Answer 10

Inward current of Na and Ca

Modified ion channels

Question 11

Adrenoceptors are coupled to

Answer 11

G protein activation

Question 12

Isoforms of adrenoceptors determines

Answer 12

Specificity of the response to adrenergic stimulation

Question 13

α1 Adrenoceptors

Answer 13

Vasoconstriction in VSM

Question 14

β2 Adrenoceptors

Answer 14

Found in heart and smooth muscle beds

Vasodilation

Question 15

β1 Adrenoceptors

Answer 15

Increase chronotropy (HR) and inotropy (contractile force) in Heart

Question 16

Preganglionic SNS fibers termineate in ______ and synapse with ________

Answer 16

Adrenal medulla

Chromatin cells

Question 17

Chromatin cells synthesize _____ and are stimulated by _______ to release it into circulation

Answer 17

Epi and Norepi

ACh

Question 18

Epi has a high affinity for _______ adrenceptors

Answer 18

α and β

Question 19

At low doses of epi, it binds to

Answer 19

β2 adrenoceptors to induce vasodilation

Question 20

At all doses of epi, it’s a strong

Answer 20

β1 agonist

Question 21

Norepi is a strong

Answer 21

β1 and α1 agonist

Question 22

Lower doses of norepi, you have a

Answer 22

Pressed effect- mediated vasoconstriction from α1

Question 23

Beta blockers

Answer 23

β1 adrenoceptor antagonists

End in -olol

Question 24

Examples of beta blockers

Answer 24

Atenolol and Metoprolol

High specificity against β1

Question 25

SNS activated during

Answer 25

Cognitive and/or physical stress

Question 26

Sympathomimetics are compounds that

Answer 26

Stimulate adrenceptor activity (agonists)

Question 27

Alpha blockers suppress _____ so they're helpful for _____

Answer 27

Vascular smooth muscle tone | Reducing hypertension

Question 28

Propranolol

Answer 28

Beta blocker | Non-specific

Question 29

Beta blockers are used to

Answer 29

Control angina and hypertension

Question 30

Preganglionic PSNS fibers originate in the _______ of the ______

Answer 30

Brainstem and sacral region | Spinal cord

Question 31

Most preganglionic PSNS fibers are in the

Answer 31

Vagus nerve

Question 32

Effectors of PSNS have ____ receptors that can bind _____ and are ______ receptors

Answer 32

Cholinergic-muscarinic (CM) Muscarine G protein coupled

Question 33

ACh binds to _____ receptors on the _______ membrane

Answer 33

Cholinergic (muscarinic or nicotinic) | Post-synaptic

Question 34

How to prevent prolonged activation of cholinergic receptors on post-junctional membrane?

Answer 34

ACh is degraded by a cholinesterase

Question 35

Elevated SNS tone leads to

Answer 35

Increased HR

Question 36

PSNS activity leads to

Answer 36

Decreased HR

Question 37

Where is PSNS innervate on primarily located?

Answer 37

SA and AV nodal tissues

Question 38

Av node is the juncture between the ______ and ______

Answer 38

Right and left atria | Ventricles

Question 39

Effector: contract bronchial smooth muscle What's the SNS effect and receptor? What's the PSNS effect and receptor?

Answer 39

Inhibitory, β2 | Stimulatory CM

Question 40

Effector: contraction, cardiac muscle What's the SNS effect and receptor? What's the PSNS effect and receptor?

Answer 40

Stimulatory, β1 | N/a

Question 41

Effector: heart rate, SA node What's the SNS effect and receptor? What's the PSNS effect and receptor?

Answer 41

Stimulatory, β1 | Inhibitory, CM2

Question 42

Effector: renin secretion, kidney What's the SNS effect and receptor? What's the PSNS effect and receptor?

Answer 42

Stimulatory, β1 | N/a

Question 43

Effector: glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis (liver) What's the SNS effect and receptor? What's the PSNS effect and receptor?

Answer 43

Stimulatory, β2 | N/a

Question 44

Effector: adipocytes, lipolysis What's the SNS effect and receptor? What's the PSNS effect and receptor?

Answer 44

Stimulatory, β3 | N/a

Question 45

Effector: contraction, skeletal muscle force What's the SNS effect and receptor? What's the PSNS effect and receptor?

Answer 45

Stimulatory, β1 | N/a

Question 46

Effector: contraction, VSM What's the SNS effect and receptor? What's the PSNS effect and receptor?

Answer 46

Stimulatory, A1; Inhibitory, β2 (skeletal muscle) | Generally non, microcirculation, inhibition mediated by VIP

Question 47

Effector: pancreas (β cells), insulin secretion What's the SNS effect and receptor? What's the PSNS effect and receptor?

Answer 47

Initiatory, β2 | Stimulatory, CM