ANS Flashcards
What is the mechanism of action for epinephrine, levophed?
Stimulates the apha1, beta1, beta2 receptors
What is an indication for epinephrine?
Anaphylaxis
What are the contraindications of epinephrine and levophed?
Allergy and severe hypertension
What are the interactions of epinephrine?
Antihypertensives, anticholinergic, antihistamines, and thyroid hormone replacement
What are the nursing responsibilities of epinephrine?
Complete medical history and current medical list, current v/s, and assess for therapeutic and adverse responses
What is the patient education for epinephrin?
Inject and get to the hospital. it only lasts 10-20 minutes
What is the mechanism of action of Flomax?
Relaxes the muscles in the prostate and bladder neck, making it easier to void. Blocking the alpha 1 receipts on the prostate and bladder which decreases resistance to urinary outflow thus reducing urinary obstruction and relieving the symptoms of BPH
What are the indications of Flomax?
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
What are the adverse effects of Flomax?
First dose syncope, orthostatic hypotension, and impotence
What is first syncope?
Is fainting or dizziness after taking the first dose of alpha meds.
What is the nursing responsibility for Flomax?
The first dose should be at bedtime to reduce the risk of first dose syncope. If given in daytime, BP and apical pulse should be checked in the first 3-4 hours.
What is the patient education for Flomax?
Decreased resistance to urinary outflow thus reducing urinary obstruction and relieving the symptoms of BPH.
What is the mechanism of action for beta-adrenergic bronchodilators (albuterol, Proventil, Ventolin)?
Stimulate beta2-adrenergic receptors on bronchial smooth muscles which cause muscle relaxation and bronchodilation.
What is and indication of albuterol, Proventil, Ventolin?
Prevention or relief of bronchospasm
What are the adverse effects of albuterol, Proventil, Ventolin?
Insomnia Restlessness Tachycardia Palpitations Vascular headache Tremors
What are the contraindications of albuterol, Proventil, Ventolin?
Known drug allergy
Uncontrolled hypertension or cardiac dysrhythmias
High risk for stroke
What are the nursing implications albuterol, Proventil, Ventolin?
Monitor for effectiveness- respiratory assessment
Monitor for side effects- take v/s and observe for tachycardia, increased BP. tremors, chest pain.
What is the pertinent pt edu for albuterol, Proventil, Ventolin?
Teach patients how to administer their drugs through the appropriate devices, using a spacer if necessary
What are the drug effects for beta-blockers (atenolol, metoprolol, Lopressor)?
Angina- decreases demand for myocardial oxygen
Cardioprotective after MI- inhibit stimulation from circulating catecholmines
Hypertension- decrease contractility which decreases stroke volume
What are the indications for beta-blockers (atenolol, metoprolol, Lopressor)?
Treats high blood pressure, chest pain, heart failure. Cardioprotective after MI
What are the adverse effects of beta-blockers (atenolol, metoprolol, Lopressor)?
Bradycardia, rebound myocardium excitation (black box warning). Masks the signs of hypoglycemia
What are the nursing responsibilities of beta-blockers (atenolol, metoprolol, Lopressor)?
Assess for underlying heart and pulmonary disease. Assess pulse for a full minute and BP prior to administration. Hold and contact MD if bradycardia
What is the patient education for beta-blockers (atenolol, metoprolol, Lopressor)?
Take meds as prescribed and do not abruptly stop.
Rebound hypertension or chest pain
Change position slowly
Avoid extreme heat such as hot tub or sauna.
What is the drug effect of cholinergic (bethanechol)?
Stimulate receptors on the bladder and cause contraction of the detrusor muscle and relaxation of the sphincter allowing urine to flow.
What are the indications of cholinergic (bethanechol)?
Post-Op urinary retention
What is a nursing responsibility for cholinergic (bethanechol)?
A fall in BP with reflex tachycardia
What are the pt edu for cholinergic (bethanechol)?
Should preferably be taken one hour before or two hours after meals to avoid nausea or vomiting.
What is the mechanism of action for anticholinergics (tolterodine, Detrol)?
Blocks Each or cholinergic drugs at muscarinic receptors in the PSNS. As a result, Each is unable to bind to the receptor site and causes a cholinergic effect.
What are the indications of cholinergic (bethanechol)?
Overactive bladder
What is the antidote to cholinergics?
Atropine (anticholinergic) Cholinergic Poisoning S-salivation L-lacrimation U-urinary incontinence D-diarrhea G-GI cramps E-emesis Cholinergic Crisis SOB, hypotension, cardiac arrest
What is the mechanism of action for atropine?
Blocks ACh at muscarinic receptors in parasympathetic neuroeffector sites; increase cardiac output, HR by blocking vagal stimulation in heart. As a result Each is unable to bind to the receptor site and cause a cholinergic effect
