ANS

Question 1

Somatic NS

Answer 1

Originates in the CNS or brainstem and sends one axon directly to the muscle

Question 2

ANS

Answer 2

Modulates the visceral organs; primarily involved in maintaining homeostasis of the internal environment

Question 3

Location of parasym ganglia

Answer 3

Normally located close to the target organ

Question 4

Description of parasym nerve fibers

Answer 4

Long preganglionic; short postganglionic fibers

Question 5

Ach

Answer 5

Neurotransmitter at PNS ganglia, adrenal medulla and somatic muscular junction; acting on nicotinic receptors

Question 6

Parasym function

Answer 6

Conserve energy, enhance digestion

Question 7

Symp NS origin

Answer 7

Thoracic and upper lumbar spinal cord

Question 8

Description symp nerve fibers

Answer 8

Short preganglionic; long postganglionic fibers

Question 9

What are the symp NTs and where do they act and which receptors

Answer 9

Acetylcholine at the ganglia, acting on nicotinic receptors

-norepinephrine at effector junctions (alpha and beta adrenergic receptors)

Question 10

Symp NS function

Answer 10

Mobilize body for “fight or flight”, with continuous modulation of organ function

Question 11

Sweat glands

Answer 11

Effector organ where acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter in the symp NS

Question 12

Heart receptor/NT

Answer 12

Beta 1

-norepinephrine, epinephrine

Question 13

Lung/bronchi receptor/NT

Answer 13

Beta 2/epinephrine

Question 14

Action of B1 receptor agonist at the heart

Answer 14

Increase cAMP, increase HR, increase force of contraction

Question 15

Action of B2 receptor agonist at the lung

Answer 15

Increase cAMP, relaxation

Question 16

Cholinergic nerve synthesizes ______ by

Answer 16

Synthesize acetylcholine from choline and acetate by choline acetyltransferase

Question 17

Noradrenergic fibers or nerves synthesizes _____ by

Answer 17

Synthesize NE from tyrosine to DOPA using tyrosine hydroxylase; DOPA is converted to dopamine

Question 18

Dopamine in nerve terminals

Answer 18

Converted to NE by dopamine-beta-hydroxylase

Question 19

Epi converted from _____ in adrenal medulla

Answer 19

Converted from NE by phenyl-ethanolamine-N-methyltransferase

Question 20

Termination of NE

Answer 20

Primarily reuptake; additionally monoamine oxidase and catechol-O-methyltransferaseLung SNS

Question 21

Lung in the symp

Answer 21

bronchodilation

Question 22

Lung in parasym

Answer 22

bronchoconstriction

Question 23

Heart in symp

Answer 23

Through beta 1 receptors, stimulates HR, increases AV nodal conduction, and increases force of contraction

Question 24

Heart in parasymp

Answer 24

Through muscarinic M2 receptors, has negative effect on HR and AV nodal condution

Question 25

Vascular alpha-1 receptors of symp

Answer 25

Predominate in skin and viscera; stimulation causes vasoconstriction in these vascular beds

Question 26

Vascular beta-2 receptors of symp

Answer 26

Predominate in skeletal muscle; stimulation causes vasodilation

Question 27

Epi

Answer 27

Stimulates both alpha-1 and beta-2 receptors; redirects blodflow to muscles

Question 28

Baroreceptors

Answer 28

Reflex phenomena, sensed by changes in blood pressure; coordinated response in PNS and SNS

Question 29

Pupil

Answer 29

Controlled by two muscles of the iris. The light reflex causes constriction of the circular muscle through the PNS (M3 receptors)

Question 30

Ciliary muscle

Answer 30

Symp NS control (beta-2 receptors) for relaxation allowing far vision; M3 receptors (parasymp NS) causing contraction for near vision (accommodation)

Question 31

Liver

Answer 31

Sympathetic nervous system stimulation leads to an increase in glucose through beta-2 receptors

Question 32

Action of alpha-1 in blood vessels

Answer 32

Symp NS effect to decrease radius in the visera