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Pharmacology BAS208 > ANS > Flashcards

ANS Flashcards

1
Q

7 methods drugs interact with NS

A
  1. inhibit or enhance effects of modulation nerves
  2. inhibit or enhance effects of ion channels
  3. receptor agonist
  4. receptor antagonist
  5. prevent the re-uptake of neurotransmitters
  6. inhibit the storage vesicles
  7. inhibit the breakdown of neurotransmitters
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2
Q

Actions of α receptors

A

-vasoconstriction
-smooth muscle constriction
Agonist- decongestant, hypertension
Antagonist- hypertension, BPH

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3
Q

β1 receptor actions

A

-increase cardiac output
-renin release from KI
Antagoninst- cardiac arrhythmias, angina, pectoris, hypertension

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4
Q

β2 receptor actions

A

-smooth muscle relaxation (bronchi)

Agonist- Asthma, bronchitis

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5
Q

What is a sympathomimetic?

A

A drug that “mimic” stimulants of the sympathetic NS

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6
Q

Sympathomimetic MOA

A

Bind to adrenergic receptors α and β

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7
Q

Sympathomimetic indications

A
  • asthma
  • allergies
  • weight loss
  • concentration
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8
Q

Sympathomimetic drugs

A
  • ephedra
  • cocaine
  • amphetamines
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9
Q

What is a sympatholytic?

A

drug that lyse or inhibit sympathetic tone

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10
Q

Epinephrine MOA

A

Bind to adrenergic receptors α and β

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11
Q

Epinephrine Indications

A
  • anaphylaxis
  • sepsis
  • cardiac arrest
  • asthma
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12
Q

Epinephrine side effects

A
  • heart palp, tachycardia, hypertension
  • anxiety, headache
  • acute pulmonary edema
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13
Q

Epinephrine PK

A

Short half-life due to COMT and MAO enzymes

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14
Q

Ephedrine MOA

A
  • releases stored NE from storage vesicles

- directly stimulates adrenergic receptors α and β

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15
Q

Ephedra Indications

A
  • asthma
  • sinusitis
  • allergies
  • weight loss
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16
Q

Ephedrine cautions

A
  • hypertension, angina

- raises dopamine

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17
Q

Ephedrine PK

A

not a catecholamine ( not inactivated by COMT)

less intense and relatively longer duration than EN/NE

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18
Q

Synephrine plant

A

bitter orange

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19
Q

Synephrine MOA

A

binds to adrenergic receptors

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20
Q

Synephrine Indications

A
  • weight loss
  • digestion
  • decongestant
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21
Q

Synephrine cautions

A

relatively safe

hypertension, angina

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22
Q

Synephrine PK

A

not catecholamine

less intense and relatively longer duration than EN/NE

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23
Q

Caffeine indications

A
  • headaches

- stimulant

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24
Q

Caffeine MOA

A
  • inhibits adenosine receptors, increases release of catecholamines
  • inhibits phosphodiesterase enzyme ( increase cAMP)
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25
Q

Caffeine safety

A

risk of miscarriage > 2 cups

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26
Q

Adenosine antagonist

A
  • stimulates SNS (inc. EP)

- increase dopamine in CNS

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27
Q

Sympathomimetic pungent herbs

A
  • cayenne
  • ginger
  • eugenol
  • garlic
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28
Q

Pungent herm MOA

A
  • stimulates transient receptor potential vanillin (TRVP1)

- causes adrenalin release

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29
Q

Pungent herb actions

A
  • circulatory stimulent
  • diaphoretic
  • expectorant
  • stimulate cough reflex
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30
Q

Pungent herb interactions

A

-ACE inhibitors (<cough)

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31
Q

Thermogenic compound MOA

A
  • increase heat production
  • increase basal metabolic rate
  • increase oxidation of fat
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32
Q

Thermogenic Compounds indications

A
  • appetite suppressant

- weight loss

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33
Q

Thermogenic herbs

A
  • ephedra
  • bitter orange
  • ECGC
  • cayenne
  • ginger
34
Q

Oxymetazolin MOA

A
  • α1 agonist (vasoconstriction)
35
Q

Oxymetazolin indications

A
  • decongestant (topical)

- adjunctive: otitis media

36
Q

Oxymetazolin safety

A
  • topical avoids systemic side-effects
  • 3-5 days max
    • rebound congestion occurs
    • frequent application causes ischemia
37
Q

Clonidine MOA

A
  • α2 agonist
  • crosses BBB
  • decreases release of EP/NE
38
Q

Chlonidine side effects

A

fatigue

dry mouth

39
Q

Clonidine indications

A
  • hypertension

- tourettes, opiod withdrawal, side effects of stimulants

40
Q

Clonidine caution

A
  • rebound hypertension with abrupt discontinuation
41
Q

α1 blockers

A

-zosin

doxazosin, terazosin, alfuzosin, tamsulosin

42
Q

α1 blockers indication

A
  • BPH

- hypertension

43
Q

α1 blockers MOA

A
  • α1 receptor antagonist
  • vasodilator
  • relax smooth muscles and sphincters
44
Q

α1 blockers safety

A

-retrograde ejaculation

45
Q

BB MOA

A
  • β1 receptor antagonist
  • selectively block EP/NE for binding to β receptors
  • decreases cardiac output
  • decrease HR
  • decrease BP
46
Q

BB Indications

A
  • cardiac arrhythmias
  • angina pectoris
  • hypertension
  • glaucoma (topically)
47
Q

BB side effects

A
  • bronchospasm
  • decreased circulation, hypotension, heart failure, fatigue, dizziness
  • nausea, diarrhea
  • erectile dysfunction
  • diabetes
  • insomnia
48
Q

β2 Agonist

A

salbutamol (albuterol)

49
Q

β2 Agonist indications

A
  • asthma

- pulmonary conditions

50
Q

β2 agonist MOA

A
  • dilate the bronchioles to increase airflow

- occurs in minutes and lasts 4-6 hours

51
Q

β2 Agonist side effects

A

less common with inhalers

  • insomnia
  • anxiety
  • tremors
  • cardiovascular symptoms
52
Q

Parasympathetic System Antagonists

A
  • atropine
  • oxybutynin
  • tolterodine
53
Q

Parasympathetic system agonist

A

Ach
muscarine
pilocarpine

54
Q

Muscarine receptors

A
  • smooth muscle and secretory glands
  • increase secretions
  • pupil constriction
  • constriction of smooth muscle
55
Q

Pilocarpine MOA

A

Muscarinic agonist

-stimulates parasympathetic system (mitosis, bodily excretion and digestive fluids)

56
Q

Pilocarpine symptoms

A 
SLUDGE
salication
lacrimation
urination
defecation
gastrointestinal upset
emesis
57
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitors MOA

A
  • inhibits cholinesterase enzyme

- increases ACh levels

58
Q

Cholinesterase Sources

A

drugs- carbamates
herbs- calabar bean
other- nerve gas, insecticides

59
Q

Donepezil

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor, parasympathomimetic

60
Q

Donepezil MOA

A

crosses BBB
inhibits breakdown of Ach
increases cognitive function

61
Q

Donepezil Indications

A

Mild- moderate dementia of the Alzheimer’s type

62
Q

Donepezil side effects

A 
SLUDGE
salvation
lactrimation
urination
defecation
gastrointestinal upset
emesis
63
Q

Parasympatholytic

A

Anticholinergics

64
Q

Anticholinergic MOA

A
  • inhibits binding of Ach to receptors

- suppress parasympathetic nervous system

65
Q

Anticholinergic Uses

A
  • colic
  • opthamic use
  • brachycardia, heart block
  • asthma
66
Q

Anticholinergic drug

A

oxybutynin

tolterodine

67
Q

Anticholinergic side effects

A
  • dry mouth, constipation, sore throat
  • mydriasis, photophobia, diplopia,
  • urine retention
  • ataxia, hallucinations, confusion
  • no sweating
68
Q

Oxybutynin antagonist of which receptor

A

muscarinic

69
Q

oxybutynin indications

A

urniary incontinence
enuresis
hyperhydrosis

70
Q

oxybutynin contraindications

A

urinary retention
gastric retention
glaucoma

71
Q

tolterodine indications

A

urinary incontinence

enuresis

72
Q

tolterodine contraindications

A

urinary retention
gastric retention
glaucoma

73
Q

tolterodine indications

A

urniary incontinence

enuresis

74
Q

Nicotinic agonist drugs

A

nicotine patch

tobacco products

75
Q

Dicotnic agonist indications

A

smoking cessation

alzheimers, tourettes, parkinsons, schizophrenia, adhd, uncerative volitis

76
Q

Nicotinic agonist withdrawal symptoms

A

nervousness
poor concentration
fatigue

77
Q

Nicotinic agonist side effects

A
  • nausea, vominting, diarrhea
  • headaches, dizziness
  • sweating
  • dyspnea
  • arrhythmias, chest pain
  • addiction
78
Q

Curare target receptor

A

nicotinic antagonist

79
Q

Curare MOA

A

competitive antagonist of nicotinic receptors on post synaptic membrane of neuromuscular junction

80
Q

Poison Hemlock

A

Nicotninc agonist and antagonist

81
Q

Poison Hemlock MOA

A

activates nicotinic receptors and then later blocks them

death results from reps. failure and cardiovascular collapse

Pharmacology BAS208 (5 decks)

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