ANS Flashcards
(81 cards)
1
Q
7 methods drugs interact with NS
A
- inhibit or enhance effects of modulation nerves
- inhibit or enhance effects of ion channels
- receptor agonist
- receptor antagonist
- prevent the re-uptake of neurotransmitters
- inhibit the storage vesicles
- inhibit the breakdown of neurotransmitters
2
Q
Actions of α receptors
A
-vasoconstriction
-smooth muscle constriction
Agonist- decongestant, hypertension
Antagonist- hypertension, BPH
3
Q
β1 receptor actions
A
-increase cardiac output
-renin release from KI
Antagoninst- cardiac arrhythmias, angina, pectoris, hypertension
4
Q
β2 receptor actions
A
-smooth muscle relaxation (bronchi)
Agonist- Asthma, bronchitis
5
Q
What is a sympathomimetic?
A
A drug that “mimic” stimulants of the sympathetic NS
6
Q
Sympathomimetic MOA
A
Bind to adrenergic receptors α and β
7
Q
Sympathomimetic indications
A
- asthma
- allergies
- weight loss
- concentration
8
Q
Sympathomimetic drugs
A
- ephedra
- cocaine
- amphetamines
9
Q
What is a sympatholytic?
A
drug that lyse or inhibit sympathetic tone
10
Q
Epinephrine MOA
A
Bind to adrenergic receptors α and β
11
Q
Epinephrine Indications
A
- anaphylaxis
- sepsis
- cardiac arrest
- asthma
12
Q
Epinephrine side effects
A
- heart palp, tachycardia, hypertension
- anxiety, headache
- acute pulmonary edema
13
Q
Epinephrine PK
A
Short half-life due to COMT and MAO enzymes
14
Q
Ephedrine MOA
A
- releases stored NE from storage vesicles
- directly stimulates adrenergic receptors α and β
15
Q
Ephedra Indications
A
- asthma
- sinusitis
- allergies
- weight loss
16
Q
Ephedrine cautions
A
- hypertension, angina
- raises dopamine
17
Q
Ephedrine PK
A
not a catecholamine ( not inactivated by COMT)
less intense and relatively longer duration than EN/NE
18
Q
Synephrine plant
A
bitter orange
19
Q
Synephrine MOA
A
binds to adrenergic receptors
20
Q
Synephrine Indications
A
- weight loss
- digestion
- decongestant
21
Q
Synephrine cautions
A
relatively safe
hypertension, angina
22
Q
Synephrine PK
A
not catecholamine
less intense and relatively longer duration than EN/NE
23
Q
Caffeine indications
A
- headaches
- stimulant
24
Q
Caffeine MOA
A
- inhibits adenosine receptors, increases release of catecholamines
- inhibits phosphodiesterase enzyme ( increase cAMP)
25
Caffeine safety
risk of miscarriage > 2 cups
26
Adenosine antagonist
- stimulates SNS (inc. EP)
| - increase dopamine in CNS
27
Sympathomimetic pungent herbs
- cayenne
- ginger
- eugenol
- garlic
28
Pungent herm MOA
- stimulates transient receptor potential vanillin (TRVP1)
| - causes adrenalin release
29
Pungent herb actions
- circulatory stimulent
- diaphoretic
- expectorant
- stimulate cough reflex
30
Pungent herb interactions
-ACE inhibitors (
31
Thermogenic compound MOA
- increase heat production
- increase basal metabolic rate
- increase oxidation of fat
32
Thermogenic Compounds indications
- appetite suppressant
| - weight loss
33
Thermogenic herbs
- ephedra
- bitter orange
- ECGC
- cayenne
- ginger
34
Oxymetazolin MOA
- α1 agonist (vasoconstriction)
35
Oxymetazolin indications
- decongestant (topical)
| - adjunctive: otitis media
36
Oxymetazolin safety
- topical avoids systemic side-effects
- 3-5 days max
- rebound congestion occurs
- frequent application causes ischemia
37
Clonidine MOA
- α2 agonist
- crosses BBB
- decreases release of EP/NE
38
Chlonidine side effects
fatigue
| dry mouth
39
Clonidine indications
- hypertension
| - tourettes, opiod withdrawal, side effects of stimulants
40
Clonidine caution
- rebound hypertension with abrupt discontinuation
41
α1 blockers
-zosin
| doxazosin, terazosin, alfuzosin, tamsulosin
42
α1 blockers indication
- BPH
| - hypertension
43
α1 blockers MOA
- α1 receptor antagonist
- vasodilator
- relax smooth muscles and sphincters
44
α1 blockers safety
-retrograde ejaculation
45
BB MOA
- β1 receptor antagonist
- selectively block EP/NE for binding to β receptors
- decreases cardiac output
- decrease HR
- decrease BP
46
BB Indications
- cardiac arrhythmias
- angina pectoris
- hypertension
- glaucoma (topically)
47
BB side effects
- bronchospasm
- decreased circulation, hypotension, heart failure, fatigue, dizziness
- nausea, diarrhea
- erectile dysfunction
- diabetes
- insomnia
48
β2 Agonist
salbutamol (albuterol)
49
β2 Agonist indications
- asthma
| - pulmonary conditions
50
β2 agonist MOA
- dilate the bronchioles to increase airflow
| - occurs in minutes and lasts 4-6 hours
51
β2 Agonist side effects
less common with inhalers
- insomnia
- anxiety
- tremors
- cardiovascular symptoms
52
Parasympathetic System Antagonists
- atropine
- oxybutynin
- tolterodine
53
Parasympathetic system agonist
Ach
muscarine
pilocarpine
54
Muscarine receptors
- smooth muscle and secretory glands
- increase secretions
- pupil constriction
- constriction of smooth muscle
55
Pilocarpine MOA
Muscarinic agonist
| -stimulates parasympathetic system (mitosis, bodily excretion and digestive fluids)
56
Pilocarpine symptoms
```
SLUDGE
salication
lacrimation
urination
defecation
gastrointestinal upset
emesis
```
57
Cholinesterase inhibitors MOA
- inhibits cholinesterase enzyme
| - increases ACh levels
58
Cholinesterase Sources
drugs- carbamates
herbs- calabar bean
other- nerve gas, insecticides
59
Donepezil
Cholinesterase inhibitor, parasympathomimetic
60
Donepezil MOA
crosses BBB
inhibits breakdown of Ach
increases cognitive function
61
Donepezil Indications
Mild- moderate dementia of the Alzheimer's type
62
Donepezil side effects
```
SLUDGE
salvation
lactrimation
urination
defecation
gastrointestinal upset
emesis
```
63
Parasympatholytic
Anticholinergics
64
Anticholinergic MOA
- inhibits binding of Ach to receptors
| - suppress parasympathetic nervous system
65
Anticholinergic Uses
- colic
- opthamic use
- brachycardia, heart block
- asthma
66
Anticholinergic drug
oxybutynin
| tolterodine
67
Anticholinergic side effects
- dry mouth, constipation, sore throat
- mydriasis, photophobia, diplopia,
- urine retention
- ataxia, hallucinations, confusion
- no sweating
68
Oxybutynin antagonist of which receptor
muscarinic
69
oxybutynin indications
urniary incontinence
enuresis
hyperhydrosis
70
oxybutynin contraindications
urinary retention
gastric retention
glaucoma
71
tolterodine indications
urinary incontinence
| enuresis
72
tolterodine contraindications
urinary retention
gastric retention
glaucoma
73
tolterodine indications
urniary incontinence
| enuresis
74
Nicotinic agonist drugs
nicotine patch
| tobacco products
75
Dicotnic agonist indications
smoking cessation
| alzheimers, tourettes, parkinsons, schizophrenia, adhd, uncerative volitis
76
Nicotinic agonist withdrawal symptoms
nervousness
poor concentration
fatigue
77
Nicotinic agonist side effects
- nausea, vominting, diarrhea
- headaches, dizziness
- sweating
- dyspnea
- arrhythmias, chest pain
- addiction
78
Curare target receptor
nicotinic antagonist
79
Curare MOA
competitive antagonist of nicotinic receptors on post synaptic membrane of neuromuscular junction
80
Poison Hemlock
Nicotninc agonist and antagonist
81
Poison Hemlock MOA
activates nicotinic receptors and then later blocks them
| death results from reps. failure and cardiovascular collapse
