ANS

Question 1

ANS Parasymp fibers?

Release what neurotrans?

Answer 1

Long pre-gang from cranial and sacral:
release ACh

Short post-gang near organ:
release ACh

Question 2

ANS Symp fibers?

Release what neurotrans?

Answer 2

Short pre-gang in thoracic and lumbar:
release ACh

Long post-gang at target:
release NE

Question 3

ACh released by which fibers? (5)

Answer 3

All pre-gang
Parasymp post-gang
Symp to sweat glands
At adrenal medulla
Somatic to mm

Question 4

Norepi released by which fibers?

Answer 4

Symp post-gang (except sweat glands)

Adrenal medulla

Question 5

Dopamine released by?

Answer 5

renal vasculature

Question 6

5 steps in neurotrans fxn?

Answer 6

1) synthesis
2) storage
3) release
4) receptor interaction
5) inactivation

Question 7

ACh made how?

Answer 7

Choline + Acetyl CoA -> ChAT enz -> ACh

Question 8

ACh inactivated by?

Answer 8

acetylchoninesterase

Question 9

Adrenergic (epi) transmission cycle?

Answer 9

Tyrosine into terminal ->
∆ to DOPA then dopamine ->
∆ to NE ->
released to receptors

Question 10

DOPA synth blocked by?

Answer 10

metyrosine

Question 11

NE in vesicle depleted by?

Answer 11

reserpine

Question 12

NE re-uptake blocked by?

Answer 12

cocaine and TCAs

Question 13

NE release ↑ by?

Answer 13

amphetamines, tyramine

but only if terminal is intact

Question 14

NE metabolized by?

Answer 14

MAO and COMT

Question 15

Cholinergic receptors? (4)

Answer 15

M1: sweat glands, CNS
M2: heart, smooth mm, presynaptic
M3: exocrine, smooth mm, endothelium
Nicotinic: Na+ channel, Nn, Nm

Question 16

Cholinergic receptors controlled what:

M1
M2
M3

Answer 16

M1 and M3: Gq/11; PLC, IP3, DAG

M2: Gi; inhibits adenylyl cyclase

Question 17

Adrenergic receptors? (5)

Answer 17

α1: smooth mm, excitatory
α2: presynap terminals, some smooth mm
β1: heart
β2: heart, bronchioles, skeletal mm blood vessles
β3: fat cells (lypolysis)

Question 18

Adrenergic receptors control what:

α1
α2
all β

Answer 18

α1: Gq; PLC, IP3, DAG

α2: Gi; inhibits adenylyl cyclase

all β: Gs; stim adenylyl cyclase

Question 19

Dopamine receptors?

Answer 19

D1, D5: brain, vascular bed

D2, D3, D4: brain, other tissues

Question 20

Dopamine receptors controlled what:

D1, D5
D2, D3, D4

Answer 20

D1, D5: ↑ cAMP

D2, D3, D4: ↓ cAMP

Question 21

Down-Regluation is?

Answer 21

constant stim w/ agonist causes:

↑ destruction of receptors or
∆ in affinity which ↓ receptor response

Question 22

Up-Regulation is?

Answer 22

lack of stim causes:

# of receptors to ↑ or
response of receptor to ↑

Question 23

Parasymp response in:

heart, bv, lungs

Answer 23

↓ HR and AV conduction (M2)

bronchoconstriction (M3)

Question 24

Symp response in:

heart, bv, lungs

Answer 24

↑ HR, AV conduction and contractility (β1)
bronchodilation (β2)
bv constriction (α1)

Question 25

Parasymp response in:

glands, eyes

Answer 25

miosis, accommodation
↑ mucus, salivation, lacrimation
(M3)

Question 26

Symp response in:

glands, eyes

Answer 26

mydriasis, vasoconstriction, salivation (α)

sweating (M1)

Question 27

Parasymp response in:

GI

Answer 27

↑ hydrochloric acid secretion,
↑ motility,
relax sphincters
(M3)

Question 28

Symp response in:

GI

Answer 28

glycogenolysis (β2),

↓ motility (α2, β2)

Question 29

Parasymp response in:

GU

Answer 29

contract bladder,
relax sphincters,
promote erection
(M3)

Question 30

Symp response in:

GU

Answer 30

renin secretion (β1),
relax bladder and uterus (β2),
contract sphincters, ejaculation (α1)

Question 31

Baroreceptor reflex initiated by?

Answer 31

NE release:
α causes vasoconstriction
β1 ↑ HR/contractility
= ↑ arterial pressure

Question 32

Baroreceptor response to ↑ arterial pressure in aortic arch?

Answer 32

↑ afferent impulse to medulla:

↓ symp -> vasodialtion

↑ parasymp -> ACh release -> ↓ HR and CO

Question 33

Muscarinic receptors in ciliary mm do what?

Answer 33

constrict = lens rounds

Question 34

Pupil size controlled how?

Answer 34

Symp stim of α1 receptor in iris radial mm = contract to dilate pupil

Parasym stim of M3 receptor in iris circular mm = contract to constrict pupil

Question 35

Summary of eye: Muscarinic Agonists do?

Answer 35

contract circular mm (constriction),
contract ciliary mm (accommodation),
↑ outflow aqueous humor into canal of Schlemm,
↓ intraocular pressure

Question 36

Summary of eye: Adrenergics do?

Answer 36

contract radial mm (dilation),
↑ prodxn aqueous humor,
↑ intraocular pressure