ANS

Question 1

Cholinergic system - syn, storage, release, termination

Answer 1

syn: ACh is syntheszed in cytoplasm from choline and acteyl- S-Coa
storage: ACh is transported into vesicles
release: triggered by Ca++ influx
termination: ACH is rapidly degraded by AChE

Question 2

Adrenergic system

syn, storage, release, termination

Answer 2

syn: dopa -> dopamine-> norepinephrine
stored: dopamine transported into vesicles where it is converted to norepinephrine
release: triggered by Ca++ influx
removal: 1. simple diffusion 2. reuptake via transporters

Question 3

M1

Answer 3

autonomic ganglia -> late excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)
CNS -> at least arousal, attention and analgesia

Gq3-> PLC ->^IP3 and ^ DAG -> ^ Ca2+ and ^PKC

Question 4

M2

Answer 4

SA node -> slowed spontaneous depolarization, hyperpolarization
AV node- > decrease conduction velocity
atrium-> decrease refractory pd and contractile force
ventricle -> slight decrease in contractility

beta gamma of G protein-> inhibit AC + ^ K+ channel opening

Question 5

M3

Answer 5

smooth muscle -> contraction

same as M1

Question 6

m4 and m 5

Answer 6

M4 - CNS -> same as M2

M5-> CNS - same as M1

Question 7

Alpha 1

Answer 7

IP3 and DAG
Gq/Gi/Go

vascular smooth muscle-contraction
genitourinary smooth muscle - contraction
intestinal smooth muscle - relaxation
heart - ^ inotropy + exccitability
liver - glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

Question 8

alpha 2

Answer 8

inhibits adenylate cyclase and activates K+ channel
Gi/ Go

pancreatic B-cells - decrease insulin secretion
platelets - aggregation
nerve - decrease norepi release
vascular smooth muscle - contraction

Question 9

Beta 1

Answer 9

activates adenylate cyclase

Gs
heart - ^ chronotropy and inotropy
heart- ^ AV node conduction velocity
renal juxtaglomerular cells - ^ renin secretion

Question 10

Beta 2

Answer 10

activates adenylate cyclase - Gs

smooth muscle - relaxation
liver - glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis
skeletal muscle - glycogenolysis and K+ uptake

Question 11

beta 3

Answer 11

activates adenylate cyclase - Gs

adipose - lipolysis

Question 12

what causes the circular papillary constrictor muscles to contract

Answer 12

muscarinic agonist - miosis ( pupil constriction)

Question 13

what causes contraction of the ciliary muscle

Answer 13

muscarinic agonist -> outflow of aqueous humor

Question 14

what causes the contraction of the radial papillary dilator muscle

Answer 14

alpha agonist -> mydriasis

Question 15

what increases or decrease aqueous humor secretion

Answer 15

beta agonist -> increases

beta antagonist -> decreases

Question 16

what causes the bronchial smooth muscle to contract? to dilate?

Answer 16

muscarinic agonist -> contraction
beta agonist -> dilation
muscarinic antagonist -> weak dilation

Question 17

upper respiratory tract mucosa what reduces its volume

Answer 17

alpha agonist - decrease the volume of nasal mucosa

Question 18

in blood vessels what cause a contraction? relaxation? reduce transmitter release?

Answer 18

alpha 1 agonist -> contraction
beta 2 agonist and alpha 1 blockers -> relaxation
decrease in transmitter release and reduced overall sympathetic drive -> alpha 2 agonist

Question 19

what decreases the HR? what incease HR and strength of contraction?

Answer 19

decrease HR -> muscarinic agonist

increase hr + strength of contraction - adrenergic agonist via beta 1 receptor