Anphy

Question 1

Gross anatomy

Answer 1

Large structures or parts of the body
Easily observable
Ex. skin, there is hair

Question 2

Microscopic anatomy

Answer 2

Structures are too small to be seen with the naked eye
Cells and tissues can be viewed only with a microscope
Ex. sections of the skin and observe its layers like the epidermis (consisting of the epithelium) and dermis (consists of connective tissues)

Question 3

Systemic physiology

Answer 3

Function of organs and organ system
Ex. function of the heart; blood flow, digestion, respiration

Question 4

LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION

Answer 4

From atoms to molecules to biomolecules to cells (basic unit of life) to tissues to organs to an organ system to organisms

Question 5

How many bones in skeleton

Answer 5

The skeleton consists of 206 bones

Question 6

Axial bones no?

Answer 6

80

Question 7

Appendicular no?

Answer 7

126

Question 8

Muscular system

Answer 8

Consists of your muscles
It is for locomotion
It provides movement and generates body heat
The abdominal region is protected by several layers of muscles

Question 9

Organization

Answer 9

Functional interrelationships between parts
All living things must consist of cells, tissues, atoms, molecules, etc.

Question 10

Metabolism

Answer 10

energy to sustain organism

Question 11

Responsiveness

Answer 11

Ability to sense and respond to environmental changes
Includes both internal and external environments

Question 12

Growth

Answer 12

Can increase in size
Increase in the size of cells, groups of cells, and extracellular materials

Question 13

Development

Answer 13

Changes in form and size
Changes in cell structure and function form
Generalized to specialized - differentiation
Ex. development of secondary sex characteristics, or breasts for girls

Question 14

HOMEOSTASIS

Answer 14

Maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions
Main controlling system
Nervous system
Endocrine system
Homeostatic imbalance
A disturbance in homeostasis results in disease

Question 15

All homeostatic control mechanisms have at least three components:

Answer 15

Receptors - response to changes in stimuli(environment) / Gather information and send it to the brain

Control Center - Brain analyze information and give an appropriate response.

Effector - provides a means of response to the stimulus (organs or muscles that provide a response to stimulus)

Question 16

Negative feedback

Answer 16

Includes most homeostatic control mechanism
Shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity once you got the balance
World like a household thermostat
Ex. kapag tataas ung body temp mo, papawisan ka
Summary: stimulus that is detected by the receptors (hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic) to the control center and to the effector

Question 17

Positive feedback

Answer 17

The reaction happens in a faster way
Rare in the human body
Increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther
In the body, positive feedback occurs in blood clotting (may net-like siya na covering–thrombin) and during the birth of a baby

Question 18

THE LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY

Answer 18

A system composed of special terminology and symbols unique to the human body for us to better understand its concepts and principles and to avoid confusion and misunderstanding when referring to position, direction, regions, and body structures

Question 19

ANATOMICAL POSITION

Answer 19

Refers to a standard or full-body position used to avoid confusion
Where the body is standing erect, feet parallel, arms hanging at the sides with the palm facing forward and thumbs pointing away from the body
Terminology refers to this position regardless of the actual body position

Question 20

Supine

Answer 20

Nakahiga; When the subject is lying down with face up

Question 21

Prone

Answer 21

Nakadapa; When the subject is lying face down

Question 22

Superior (cranial or cephalic)

Answer 22

Toward the head or upper part of a structure or the body; above
Ex. the nose is SUPERIOR to the mouth (since the nose is above the mouth)

Question 23

Inferior (caudal)

Answer 23

Away from the head or toward the lower part of the structure or body; below
Ex. the mouth is INFERIOR to the nose (since the mouth is below the nose)

Question 24

Anterior (ventral)

Answer 24

Toward or at the front of the body, in front of
Ex. the breast is ANTERIOR to the spine (the breast is in front of the spine)

Question 25

Posterior (dorsal)

Answer 25

Toward or at the backside of the body; behind
Ex. , the kidneys are POSTERIOR to the abdominal wall (since the kidneys are found behind the abdominal wall)

Question 26

Medial

Answer 26

Toward or at the midline of the body, on the inner side of
Ex. the heart is MEDIAL to the lungs (the heart is located in the middle of the left and right lung)

Question 27

Lateral

Answer 27

Away from the midline of the body, on the outer side of
Ex. the lungs are LATERAL to the heart (the lungs are located on the sides of the heart)

Question 28

Intermedial

Answer 28

This is between a more medial and a more lateral structure
Ex. the eyes are INTERMEDIAL to the nose and ears (the eyes are located in the middle of the nose and ears)

Question 29

Superficial (external)

Answer 29

Toward or at the body surface
Ex. the skin is SUPERFICIAL to the skeletal (the skin is outside the body and the skeleton is inside)

Question 30

Deep (internal)

Answer 30

Away from the body surface; or more internal
Ex. the lungs are DEEP to the rib cage (the lungs are found inside the rib cage)

Question 31

Proximal

Answer 31

Close to the origin of the body part of the point of attachment to a limb to the body trunk
Ex. the knee is PROXIMAL to the ankle (the knee is nearer to the hip, or the point of attachment, compared to the ankle)

Question 32

Distal

Answer 32

Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Ex. the wrist is DISTAL to the elbow (the wrist is located farther away from the shoulders or the point of attachment in relation to the elbows position)

Question 33

Sagittal section

Answer 33

Divides the body into left and right parts
Cutting any part of the body in the left and right portions, regardless of its size and volume on each side

Question 34

Median, or midsagittal

Answer 34

Divides the body into equal left and right parts
Simply cutting the body or organ into left and right equal portions

Question 35

Frontal or coronal

Answer 35

Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
Cut along a lengthwise plane that divides the body into anterior or posterior parts, which is also called a coronal section

Question 36

Transverse or cross

Answer 36

Divides the body into superior and inferior parts
Cut along a horizontal plane dividing the body or organs into superior and inferior parts, which is also called a cross-section