ANPH-W3: The Tissues and Integumentary System Flashcards
1
Q
Type of loose connective tissue dominated by fat cells
A
Adipose tissue
2
Q
type of loose connective tissue that lies beneath almost all epithelia
A
Areolar tissue
3
Q
Cartilage-forming cells
A
Chondrocytes
4
Q
Epithelial tissue composed of cells having a tall, columnar shape
A
Columnar epithelium
5
Q
Epithelial tissue consisting of cells having a cube-like shape
A
Cuboidal epithelium
5
Q
The most widespread, and the most varied, of all the tissues. It serves
to connect the body together and to support, bind, or protect organs
A
Connective tissue
6
Q
A gland that secretes its product, called a hormone, directly into the
bloodstream
A
Endocrine gland
7
Q
The layer of cells forming the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of
mucous and serous membranes
A
Epithelium
8
Q
A gland that secretes its product into a duct, which then empties onto a
body surface or inside a body cavity
A
Exocrine gland
9
Q
Cells that secrete collagen, which forms scar tissue inside a wound
A
Fibroblasts
10
Q
Type of epithelium consisting of glands that secrete a particular
substance
A
Glandular epithelium
10
Q
The repair and replacement of damaged tissue with connective tissue, mainly
collagen
A
Fibrosis
11
Q
Modified columnar cell containing secretory vesicles that produce large
quantities of mucus
A
Goblet cell
12
Q
Epithelial membrane that lines body surfaces that open directly to
the body’s exterior
A
Mucous membrane
13
Q
Newly formed tissue inside a wound
A
Granulation tissue
14
Q
Tissue consisting of contractile cells or fibers that effect movement of an
organ or body part
A
Muscle tissue
15
Q
Tissue with a high degree of excitability and conductivity that makes up
the nervous system
A
Nervous tissue
16
Q
Bone tissue
A
Osseous tissue
17
Q
Bone-forming cells
A
Osteocytes
18
Q
Membrane composed of simple squamous epithelium resting on a
thin layer of areolar connective tissue; lines some of the closed body cavities and also
covers many of the organs in those cavities
A
Serous membrane
18
Q
Tissue consisting of a loose network of reticular fibers and cells; forms
the framework of the spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow
A
Reticular tissue
19
Q
Epithelial tissue consisting of thin, flat cells
A
Squamous epithelium
19
Q
Epithelial tissue consisting of thin, flat cells
A
Squamous epithelium
20
Q
Specialized cell that can differentiate into many different types of cells
A
Stem cell
21
Groups of similar cells that perform a common function
Tissue
22
As the human body contains trillion of cells, these cells further group together to form______. These _______ were made from specialized cells that were made during development and
intended to group together to perform specific functions
Tissues
23
The science that deals with the study
of tissues is called histology.
histology
24
physician who examines tissues for changes that may
indicate damage or disease
pathologist
25
cells organize into three layers. The three layers includes ____ as the outer layer, _____ as middle layer and ____ forming the
inner layer
ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
26
And while cells continue to divide, they also form distinct properties through the
process called___
differentiation
27
covers body surfaces, forms glands, and lines body cavities, hollow
organs, and ducts.
Epithelial tissue
28
protects and supports the body and its organs, binds organs
together, stores energy reserves as fat, and provides immunity
Connective tissue
29
generates the physical force needed to make body structures move
Muscular tissue
30
detects changes inside and outside the body and generates transmits
nerve impulses that coordinate body activities to help maintain homeostasis.
Nervous tissue
31
CATEGORY: CELL SHAPE
Thin and flat cells that allow diffusion and filtration
Squamous
32
CATEGORY: CELL SHAPE
Cube-shaped cells that may have microvilli at their apical surface for
secretion or absorption
Cuboidal
33
CATEGORY: CELL SHAPE
Tall and thin cells that may have microvilli or cilia at their apical surface
for secretion and absorption
Columnar
34
CATEGORY: CELL SHAPE
Change shape from flat to cuboidal and back. These cells are found in
organs that can stretch like the urinary bladder.
Transitional
35
CATEGORY: CELL SHAPE
has only one layer of cells and primary function is to move
materials
Simple epithelium
36
CATEGORY: CELL SHAPE
has a single layer but appears to have many due to
cells’ nuclei are placed at many levels
Pseudostratified epithelium
37
CATEGORY: CELL SHAPE
has multiple layer of cells and intended for protection
Stratified epithelium
38
STRUCTURE - Single layer of tall, narrow cells; some cells have cilia (bronchioles of lungs, auditory tubes, uterine tubes, and uterus) or microvilli (intestines)
Simple Columnar Epithelium
39
FUNCTION: Movement of particles out of the bronchioles of the lungs by ciliated cells; partially responsible for the movement of oocytes through the uterine tubes by ciliated cells; secretion by cells of the glands, the stomach, and the intestine; absorption by cells of the intestine
Simple Columnar Epithelium
40
STRUCTURE: Single layer of the cube-shaped cells; some cells have microvilli (kidney tubules) or cilia (terminal bronchioles of the lungs)
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
40
LOCATION: Glands and some ducts bronchioles of lungs, auditory tubes, uterus, uterine tubes, stomach, intestines, gallbladder, bile ducts, and ventricles of the brain.
Simple Columnar Epithelium
41
FUNCTION: Secretion and absorption by cells of the kidney tubules; secretion by cells of glands and choroid plexuses; movement of particles embedded in mucus out of the terminal bronchioles by ciliated cells
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
42
LOCATION: kidney tubules, glands and their ducts, choroid plexuses of the brain, lining of terminal bronchioles of the lungs, and surfaces of the ovaries.
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
43
STRUCTURE: Single layer of fat often hexagonal cells; the nuclei appear as bumps when viewed in cross section because the cells are so flat.
Simple Squamous Epithelium
43
FUNCTION: Diffusion, filtration, some secretion, and some protection against friction
Simple Squamous Epithelium
44
LOCATION: Lining of blood vessels and the heart, lymphatic vessels, alveoli of the lungs, portions of the kidney tubules, lining of serous membranes of body cavities (pleural, pericardial, peritoneal)
Simple Squamous Epithelium
45
STRCUTURE: Single layer of cells; some cells are tall and thin and reach the free surface, and others do not; the nuclei of the cells are at different levels and appear stratified; the cells are almost always ciliated and are associated with goblet cells that secrete mucus onto the free surface
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
46
FUNCTION: Synthesize and secrete mucus onto the free surface and move mucus (or fluid) that contains foreign particles over the surface of the free surface and from passages.
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
47
STRUCTURE: Several layers of cells that are cuboidal in the basal layer and progressively flattened toward the surface; the epithelium can be nonkeratinized "moist) or keratinized, in nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium, the surface cells retain a nucleus and cytoplasm, in keratinized stratified epithelium, the cytoplasm of cells at the surface is replaced by a protein called keratin, and the cells are dead
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
48
LOCATION: Lining of nasal cavity, nasal sinuses, auditory tubes, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi of lungs.
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
49
FUNCTION: Protects against abrasion, forms a barrier against infection, and reduces loss of water from the body
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
50
LOCATION: Keratinized-outer layer of the skin; nonkeratinized-mouth, throat, larynx, esophagus, anus, vagina, inferior urethra, and corneas
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
51
The lining of the ducts of sweat glands, esophageal glands and parts of the male urethra are made up of _____
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
52
_____ consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells, but only the surface cells are columnar. The deeper layers are irregular or cuboidal in shape.
Stratified columnar epithelium
53
STRUCTURE: Stratified cells that appear cuboidal when the organ or tube is not stretched and squamous when the organ or tube is stretched by fluid
Transitional Epithelium
54
FUNCTION: Accommodates fluctuations in the volume of fluid in an organ or a tube; protects against the caustic effects of urine
Transitional Epithelium
55
LOCATION: Lining of urinary bladder, ureters, and superior urethra
Transitional Epithelium
56
_____is a special type of stratified epithelium that can be greatly stretched.
In the unstretched state, transitional epithelium consists of five or more layers of cuboidal or columnar cells that often are dome-shaped at the free surface
Transitional epithelium
57
most epithelial cells and some muscle and nerve cells are tightly joined into functional units by points of contact between their plasma membranes
called____
cell junctions
58
_______ whether keratinized or not, its main function is protection as
it forms a thick layer of epithelium made from several layers of cells.
Stratified squamous epithelium
59
______ fuse cells together tightly to prevent substances from passing between
the cells. In can be found in tissues with simple epithelia like those that line the stomach, intestines, and urinary bladder, tight junctions prevent the contents of these organs from
leaking out.
Tight Junctions
59
The lining of the ducts of sweat glands, esophageal glands and parts of the male urethra are made up of_______
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
60
______form channels that allow ions and molecules to pass between cells. This
permits cells in a tissue to communicate and enables nerve or muscle impulses to spread rapidly among cells.
Gap junctions
61
_____ resemble half of a desmosome. They do not adhere adjacent cells but rather attach cells to membranes.
Hemidesmosomes
62
______are like adherens
junctions, but the plaque binds to
intermediate laments and does not
form a belt.
Desmosomes
63
_______have a dense layer of proteins just inside the plasma membrane called a plaque that runs along micro laments to form a belt or strap-like structure called an adhesion belt. Two adjacent cells are
joined by transmembrane
glycoproteins that insert into the
corresponding adhesion belts.
Adherens junctions
64
A ____is made of glandular epithelial cells that secretes substances either in the surface or in the bloodstream.
Gland
65
Endocrine gland ductless and secrete substance called hormones directly into the interstitial fluid then to the blood. Example of which includes thyroid gland, pituitary gland.
Endocrine gland
66
Exocrine gland secrete substances through tubes or ducts. For instance, sweat glands, salivary glands, and mammary glands
Exocrine gland
67
A. Structure based on shape of ducts:
a. 1_____ the duct
ends directly into the
secretory portion
simple
68
a.2_____ the duct
ends into multiple
secretory branches
Compound
69
B. Based on secretory units:
b.1 ______ – straight
tubular
70
b.2 _______ –
saclike structure
Acinar / alveolar
71
C. Based on secretion types:
Cells of the gland produce secretions by active transport or produce vesicles that contain secretory products, and the vesicles empty their contents into the duct through exocytosis.
Merocrine Gland
72
C. Based on secretion types:
Secretory products are stored in the cell near the lumen of the duct. A portion of the cell near the lumen containing secretory products is pinched off the cell and joins secretions produced by a merocine process.
Apocrine Gland
73
C. Based on secretion types:
Secretory products are stored in the cells of the gland. Entire cells are shed by the gland and become part of the secretion. The lost cells are replaced by other cells deeper in the gland.
Helocrine Gland
74
____contains various cells, fibers and other substances. It protects and
supports the body and its organs. No wonder it is one of the most abundant tissues.
connective tissues
75
are large flat cells that move and secrete fibers and ground
substance.
Fibroblasts
76
develop from white blood cells. They eat bacteria and
cell debris by phagocytosis
Macrophages
77
are small cells that develop from a white blood cell. They
secrete antibodies that attack and neutralize foreign substances.
Plasma cells
78
are abundant along blood vessels. They produce histamine,
which dilates small blood vessels during inflammation and kill bacteria
Mast cells
79
They are found below the skin and around organs like hear
and kidneys.
Adipocytes
80
White blood cells like _____ that migrates to sites of infection ad
_______ that migrate to sites of parasitic infection and allergic
responses.
Neutrophils and Eosinophils
81
strong, flexible bundles of the protein collagen, the most
abundant protein in the body
Collagen
82
stretchable but strong fibers made of proteins, elastin
and fibrillin. They are found in skin, blood vessels and lung tissues
Elastic fibers
83
is the stuff between cells and fibers. It is made of water and organic molecules (hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate,
glucosamine). It supports cells and fibers, binds them together, and
provides a medium for exchanging substances between blood and cells.
Ground substances
