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Anatomy and Physiology > ANPH-W3: The Tissues and Integumentary System > Flashcards

ANPH-W3: The Tissues and Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Type of loose connective tissue dominated by fat cells

A

Adipose tissue

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2
Q

type of loose connective tissue that lies beneath almost all epithelia

A

Areolar tissue

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3
Q

Cartilage-forming cells

A

Chondrocytes

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4
Q

Epithelial tissue composed of cells having a tall, columnar shape

A

Columnar epithelium

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5
Q

Epithelial tissue consisting of cells having a cube-like shape

A

Cuboidal epithelium

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5
Q

The most widespread, and the most varied, of all the tissues. It serves
to connect the body together and to support, bind, or protect organs

A

Connective tissue

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6
Q

A gland that secretes its product, called a hormone, directly into the
bloodstream

A

Endocrine gland

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7
Q

The layer of cells forming the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of
mucous and serous membranes

A

Epithelium

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8
Q

A gland that secretes its product into a duct, which then empties onto a
body surface or inside a body cavity

A

Exocrine gland

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9
Q

Cells that secrete collagen, which forms scar tissue inside a wound

A

Fibroblasts

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10
Q

Type of epithelium consisting of glands that secrete a particular
substance

A

Glandular epithelium

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10
Q

The repair and replacement of damaged tissue with connective tissue, mainly
collagen

A

Fibrosis

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11
Q

Modified columnar cell containing secretory vesicles that produce large
quantities of mucus

A

Goblet cell

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12
Q

Epithelial membrane that lines body surfaces that open directly to
the body’s exterior

A

Mucous membrane

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13
Q

Newly formed tissue inside a wound

A

Granulation tissue

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14
Q

Tissue consisting of contractile cells or fibers that effect movement of an
organ or body part

A

Muscle tissue

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15
Q

Tissue with a high degree of excitability and conductivity that makes up
the nervous system

A

Nervous tissue

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16
Q

Bone tissue

A

Osseous tissue

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17
Q

Bone-forming cells

A

Osteocytes

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18
Q

Membrane composed of simple squamous epithelium resting on a
thin layer of areolar connective tissue; lines some of the closed body cavities and also
covers many of the organs in those cavities

A

Serous membrane

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18
Q

Tissue consisting of a loose network of reticular fibers and cells; forms
the framework of the spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow

A

Reticular tissue

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19
Q

Epithelial tissue consisting of thin, flat cells

A

Squamous epithelium

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19
Q

Epithelial tissue consisting of thin, flat cells

A

Squamous epithelium

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20
Q

Specialized cell that can differentiate into many different types of cells

A

Stem cell

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21
Q

Groups of similar cells that perform a common function

A

Tissue

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22
Q

As the human body contains trillion of cells, these cells further group together to form______. These _______ were made from specialized cells that were made during development and
intended to group together to perform specific functions

A

Tissues

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23
Q

The science that deals with the study
of tissues is called histology.

A

histology

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24
Q

physician who examines tissues for changes that may
indicate damage or disease

A

pathologist

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25
Q

cells organize into three layers. The three layers includes ____ as the outer layer, _____ as middle layer and ____ forming the
inner layer

A

ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

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26
Q

And while cells continue to divide, they also form distinct properties through the
process called___

A

differentiation

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27
Q

covers body surfaces, forms glands, and lines body cavities, hollow
organs, and ducts.

A

Epithelial tissue

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28
Q

protects and supports the body and its organs, binds organs
together, stores energy reserves as fat, and provides immunity

A

Connective tissue

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29
Q

generates the physical force needed to make body structures move

A

Muscular tissue

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30
Q

detects changes inside and outside the body and generates transmits
nerve impulses that coordinate body activities to help maintain homeostasis.

A

Nervous tissue

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31
Q

CATEGORY: CELL SHAPE
Thin and flat cells that allow diffusion and filtration

A

Squamous

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32
Q

CATEGORY: CELL SHAPE
Cube-shaped cells that may have microvilli at their apical surface for
secretion or absorption

A

Cuboidal

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33
Q

CATEGORY: CELL SHAPE
Tall and thin cells that may have microvilli or cilia at their apical surface
for secretion and absorption

A

Columnar

34
Q

CATEGORY: CELL SHAPE
Change shape from flat to cuboidal and back. These cells are found in
organs that can stretch like the urinary bladder.

A

Transitional

35
Q

CATEGORY: CELL SHAPE
has only one layer of cells and primary function is to move
materials

A

Simple epithelium

36
Q

CATEGORY: CELL SHAPE
has a single layer but appears to have many due to
cells’ nuclei are placed at many levels

A

Pseudostratified epithelium

37
Q

CATEGORY: CELL SHAPE
has multiple layer of cells and intended for protection

A

Stratified epithelium

38
Q

STRUCTURE - Single layer of tall, narrow cells; some cells have cilia (bronchioles of lungs, auditory tubes, uterine tubes, and uterus) or microvilli (intestines)

A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

39
Q

FUNCTION: Movement of particles out of the bronchioles of the lungs by ciliated cells; partially responsible for the movement of oocytes through the uterine tubes by ciliated cells; secretion by cells of the glands, the stomach, and the intestine; absorption by cells of the intestine

A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

40
Q

STRUCTURE: Single layer of the cube-shaped cells; some cells have microvilli (kidney tubules) or cilia (terminal bronchioles of the lungs)

A

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

40
Q

LOCATION: Glands and some ducts bronchioles of lungs, auditory tubes, uterus, uterine tubes, stomach, intestines, gallbladder, bile ducts, and ventricles of the brain.

A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

41
Q

FUNCTION: Secretion and absorption by cells of the kidney tubules; secretion by cells of glands and choroid plexuses; movement of particles embedded in mucus out of the terminal bronchioles by ciliated cells

A

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

42
Q

LOCATION: kidney tubules, glands and their ducts, choroid plexuses of the brain, lining of terminal bronchioles of the lungs, and surfaces of the ovaries.

A

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

43
Q

STRUCTURE: Single layer of fat often hexagonal cells; the nuclei appear as bumps when viewed in cross section because the cells are so flat.

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

43
Q

FUNCTION: Diffusion, filtration, some secretion, and some protection against friction

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

44
Q

LOCATION: Lining of blood vessels and the heart, lymphatic vessels, alveoli of the lungs, portions of the kidney tubules, lining of serous membranes of body cavities (pleural, pericardial, peritoneal)

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

45
Q

STRCUTURE: Single layer of cells; some cells are tall and thin and reach the free surface, and others do not; the nuclei of the cells are at different levels and appear stratified; the cells are almost always ciliated and are associated with goblet cells that secrete mucus onto the free surface

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

46
Q

FUNCTION: Synthesize and secrete mucus onto the free surface and move mucus (or fluid) that contains foreign particles over the surface of the free surface and from passages.

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

47
Q

STRUCTURE: Several layers of cells that are cuboidal in the basal layer and progressively flattened toward the surface; the epithelium can be nonkeratinized “moist) or keratinized, in nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium, the surface cells retain a nucleus and cytoplasm, in keratinized stratified epithelium, the cytoplasm of cells at the surface is replaced by a protein called keratin, and the cells are dead

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

48
Q

LOCATION: Lining of nasal cavity, nasal sinuses, auditory tubes, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi of lungs.

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

49
Q

FUNCTION: Protects against abrasion, forms a barrier against infection, and reduces loss of water from the body

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

50
Q

LOCATION: Keratinized-outer layer of the skin; nonkeratinized-mouth, throat, larynx, esophagus, anus, vagina, inferior urethra, and corneas

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

51
Q

The lining of the ducts of sweat glands, esophageal glands and parts of the male urethra are made up of _____

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

52
Q

_____ consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells, but only the surface cells are columnar. The deeper layers are irregular or cuboidal in shape.

A

Stratified columnar epithelium

53
Q

STRUCTURE: Stratified cells that appear cuboidal when the organ or tube is not stretched and squamous when the organ or tube is stretched by fluid

A

Transitional Epithelium

54
Q

FUNCTION: Accommodates fluctuations in the volume of fluid in an organ or a tube; protects against the caustic effects of urine

A

Transitional Epithelium

55
Q

LOCATION: Lining of urinary bladder, ureters, and superior urethra

A

Transitional Epithelium

56
Q

_____is a special type of stratified epithelium that can be greatly stretched.
In the unstretched state, transitional epithelium consists of five or more layers of cuboidal or columnar cells that often are dome-shaped at the free surface

A

Transitional epithelium

57
Q

most epithelial cells and some muscle and nerve cells are tightly joined into functional units by points of contact between their plasma membranes
called____

A

cell junctions

58
Q

_______ whether keratinized or not, its main function is protection as
it forms a thick layer of epithelium made from several layers of cells.

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

59
Q

______ fuse cells together tightly to prevent substances from passing between
the cells. In can be found in tissues with simple epithelia like those that line the stomach, intestines, and urinary bladder, tight junctions prevent the contents of these organs from
leaking out.

A

Tight Junctions

59
Q

The lining of the ducts of sweat glands, esophageal glands and parts of the male urethra are made up of_______

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

60
Q

______form channels that allow ions and molecules to pass between cells. This
permits cells in a tissue to communicate and enables nerve or muscle impulses to spread rapidly among cells.

A

Gap junctions

61
Q

_____ resemble half of a desmosome. They do not adhere adjacent cells but rather attach cells to membranes.

A

Hemidesmosomes

62
Q

______are like adherens
junctions, but the plaque binds to
intermediate laments and does not
form a belt.

A

Desmosomes

63
Q

_______have a dense layer of proteins just inside the plasma membrane called a plaque that runs along micro laments to form a belt or strap-like structure called an adhesion belt. Two adjacent cells are
joined by transmembrane
glycoproteins that insert into the
corresponding adhesion belts.

A

Adherens junctions

64
Q

A ____is made of glandular epithelial cells that secretes substances either in the surface or in the bloodstream.

A

Gland

65
Q

Endocrine gland ductless and secrete substance called hormones directly into the interstitial fluid then to the blood. Example of which includes thyroid gland, pituitary gland.

A

Endocrine gland

66
Q

Exocrine gland secrete substances through tubes or ducts. For instance, sweat glands, salivary glands, and mammary glands

A

Exocrine gland

67
Q

A. Structure based on shape of ducts:
a. 1_____ the duct
ends directly into the
secretory portion

A

simple

68
Q

a.2_____ the duct
ends into multiple
secretory branches

A

Compound

69
Q

B. Based on secretory units:
b.1 ______ – straight

A

tubular

70
Q

b.2 _______ –
saclike structure

A

Acinar / alveolar

71
Q

C. Based on secretion types:
Cells of the gland produce secretions by active transport or produce vesicles that contain secretory products, and the vesicles empty their contents into the duct through exocytosis.

A

Merocrine Gland

72
Q

C. Based on secretion types:
Secretory products are stored in the cell near the lumen of the duct. A portion of the cell near the lumen containing secretory products is pinched off the cell and joins secretions produced by a merocine process.

A

Apocrine Gland

73
Q

C. Based on secretion types:
Secretory products are stored in the cells of the gland. Entire cells are shed by the gland and become part of the secretion. The lost cells are replaced by other cells deeper in the gland.

A

Helocrine Gland

74
Q

____contains various cells, fibers and other substances. It protects and
supports the body and its organs. No wonder it is one of the most abundant tissues.

A

connective tissues

75
Q

are large flat cells that move and secrete fibers and ground
substance.

A

Fibroblasts

76
Q

develop from white blood cells. They eat bacteria and
cell debris by phagocytosis

A

Macrophages

77
Q

are small cells that develop from a white blood cell. They
secrete antibodies that attack and neutralize foreign substances.

A

Plasma cells

78
Q

are abundant along blood vessels. They produce histamine,
which dilates small blood vessels during inflammation and kill bacteria

A

Mast cells

79
Q

They are found below the skin and around organs like hear
and kidneys.

A

Adipocytes

80
Q

White blood cells like _____ that migrates to sites of infection ad
_______ that migrate to sites of parasitic infection and allergic
responses.

A

Neutrophils and Eosinophils

81
Q

strong, flexible bundles of the protein collagen, the most
abundant protein in the body

A

Collagen

82
Q

stretchable but strong fibers made of proteins, elastin
and fibrillin. They are found in skin, blood vessels and lung tissues

A

Elastic fibers

83
Q

is the stuff between cells and fibers. It is made of water and organic molecules (hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate,
glucosamine). It supports cells and fibers, binds them together, and
provides a medium for exchanging substances between blood and cells.

A

Ground substances

Anatomy and Physiology (1 decks)

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