ANOVA Flashcards
Normal distributions are
A curved B asymmetric C sloped D symmetric
D symmetric
The two distribution parameters are________ and _____
mean and SD
When conducting an ANOVA , the distribution must be ____________-
Normal
If distributions from groups are overlapping, we accept __________, if they differ we accept_______
Overlap = accept H0
Different = accept H1
What are the two main classifications of experimental error?
Measurement error
Individual differences error
Small sample sizes can increase the risk of
A Measurement error B individual differences error C noise D demand characteristics
B individual error
Between group deviation is difference between _________ mean and _______ mean
grand mean - group mean
Within group deviation refers to deviation between ______ mean and an individual _________
group mean - individual score
Total deviation refers to the difference between _________ mean and individual __________
grand mean - individual value
Th F ratio uses what 2 types of variance
within group variation and between group variation
Between group variance combines experimental error with ______________, whilst within group variance _________
with treatment effect, within variance does not
Variance is also known as the __________
Sum of squares?
SSR refers to
within groups variance
SSA refers to
between groups variance
SST refers to
total variance
SS__ = SS__ + SS___
SST = SSR + SSA
Variance = _______________________
.
Sum of squared deviations / df
degrees of freedom with regards to sum of squares refers to the number of ____________
Scores with independent information that are free to vary, and are entered into the calculation
The df within group is what equation. DFR =
N-K
In terms of degrees of freedom, N refers to ____________, whereas K refers to ___________
N = total no of observations (sample size)
K = total no of treatment groups (levels)
The df between groups is , DFA =
K-1
the total degrees of freedom is, DFT =
N-1
Mean squared error, MSE = _________/_________
sum of squared deviations / degrees of freedom
The MSE for between groups is MSA = ________/__________
SSA/DFA
The MSE for within groups is MSR = _______/________
SSR/DFR
The F ratio equation can be described is, F = _________/__________
variance between groups/ variance within groups
If H0 is true, there is no ____________ effect
treatment
A larger F ratio means that ________ is less likely to be true
H0
How many df values are needed to determine f distribution
2 df values
When conducting an ANOVA, We reject H0 when ___________>___________
When F value (observed) > critical f value
In an F table the rows refer to the ____________, whereas columns refer to __________
Rows = dfr = dfwithin = error
Columns = dfA = dfbetween = effect
What are the 3 ANOVA assumptions?
Independence, homogeneity of variance, and normality
Homogeneity of variance tests uses a ____________ test for between group designs, and a _______ test for within group or mixed designs
between groups = bartlett
Mixed/within = Box’s M
The 3 types of normaility tests are __________, __________ and __________
skewness, Shapiro Wilk, and Kolgomorov Smirnov
The skewness tests use a ______ statistic
Z statistic
Skewness in a z test is shown when z>_______
1.96
If the data is positively or negatively skewed, what can be done to change this?
Data transformations
Data transformations must be _____________ and they must not ____________
Must be monotonic, and must not violate new assumptions
Data transformations reduce
A type 1 error B experimental error C measurement error D type 2 error
D type 2 error
