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BOARDS REVIEW ALL > Another Deck > Flashcards

Another Deck Flashcards

1
Q

Time of presentatoin and resolution of femoral ante version

A

Presents age 4-6

Resolves 10-13

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2
Q

Lateral talus OCDs are:

A

Less common than medial
Typically traumatic
Less likely to respond to non op management
Shallower than medial lesions

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3
Q

Extra abdominal Desmoid tumors

A

Wide resectoin
Does not metastasize
Estrogen receptor Beta positive
High association with FAP syndrome

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4
Q

RUNX2 is also known as

A

CBFA1

Gene mutatoin in cleidocranial dysplasia

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5
Q

If you see a locked plate on long bone with long working length think this type of bone healing

A

Endochondral
Indirect
Flexible and strong construct

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6
Q

BMPS signal through which molecules

A

SMADS

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7
Q

BMP target cells

A

Undifferentiated perivascular mesenchymal cells

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8
Q

This BMP is associated with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva

A

Bmp4

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9
Q

These things inhibit fracture healing

A

Nicotine
Quinolone
Cortisone
NSAIDs

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10
Q

Do you need to tissue Match osteochondral allografts?

A

Yes, cartilage is highly immunogenicity, so tissue matching is necessary

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11
Q

The major antigen in allograft is

A

Cell surface glycoproteins

T lymphocyte response
Cellular response, not humoral
Marrow cells incite the greatest response

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12
Q

Is DBM osteoinductive?

A

Yes but minimally

BMPS are preservered

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13
Q

What bone formation type happens in distraction osteogenesis

A

Endochondral occurs if low stability

If optimal stability, will be intramembranous

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14
Q

Optimal prophylactic radiation dose for HO preventoin

A

Single dose

600-700 rad

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15
Q

Recommended vitamin d dose for children

A

600mg/day

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16
Q

Recommended D dose for adults

A

750mg/day

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17
Q

Recommended D dose for adults over 50

A

1200-1500mg

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18
Q

Cancer risk of teriparatide

A

Increased sarcoma risk

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19
Q

Functions of PTH

A
  • activates osteoblasts
    Increases renal phosphate filtration
    Jansen metaphyseal displasia
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20
Q

Dilantin effects on bone metabolism

A

Inhibits vitamin D metabolism

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21
Q

Fungal. Nail infections are associated with

A

Hypocalcemia

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22
Q

Pseudohyperparathyroidism

A

GNAS mtuatoin
Cellular response to PTH is defective
Defect in CAMP system

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23
Q

Amy.oidosis

A 
Beta microglobulin
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Arthropathy
Pathological fractures 
Congo red stain
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24
Q

Physis zone affected by rickets

A

Provisional calficication

Disoriented and widened

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25
Q

Mutations in Hereditary vitamin D dependent rickets

A

Type 1: defect in renal 25 hydroxylase
Type 2: defect in receptor for 1,25D
Autosomal recessive

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26
Q

Familial hypophosphatemic rickets

A 
X linked
Phosphate wasting proximal renal tubular defect
Normal calcium
Low phos
Low D3
Elevated alk phos

Treatment is phosphate supplementation and high dose D3

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27
Q

Elevated urinary phosphoethanolamine is diagnostic of

A

Hypophosphatasia

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28
Q

Methotrexate

A

Folate analog
Inhibits purine metabolism
Me Alon ate pathway

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29
Q

Leflunomide

A

Inhibits pyrimidine synthesis

Stop for surgery

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30
Q

Hydroxxychloroquine (plaquenil)

A

Inhibits toll like receptor TLR9

Need ophthalmology evaluation annually

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31
Q

Anakinra

A

Anti-IL1 antibody

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32
Q

Diagnostic criteria JIA

A

6 weeks joint swelling in someone younger than 16 years

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33
Q

Felty syndrome

A

RA, SPOENOMEGALY, NEUTROPENIA

34
Q

A kid with JIA always needs:

A

Eye screening for iridocyclitis and uveitis

35
Q

SLE is what type of hypersensitivity reaction

A

Type 3

36
Q

Schober test

A

A line10cm from the base of lumbar spine should increase at least 4-5 cm with flexing

If <4cm increase test is positive and dx of AS is made

37
Q

Organisms that cause Reiter syndrome

A

Chlamydia
Shigella
Yersinia
Salmonella

All are intracellular organisms

38
Q

If inflammatory arthritis and DIP JOINT involved think

A

Psoriatic arthritis

39
Q

Upper limit size for use of nerve tubes for reconstruction?

A

2-3cm nerve defect is max

greater than this, use autograft

40
Q

Treatment of Hip Dysplasia/subluxation >18 months

A
  • preferred open reduction +/- femoral or pelvic osteotomies

- definitely open if excessive abduction (>60) required to get closed reduced

41
Q

Most beneficial tendon transfer for a PIN Palsy is:

A

FCR to finger extensors

PL to the EPL

42
Q

TO increase fusion rates in lumbar spine, smoking cessation should be employed for at least:

A

6 months (Glassman et al)

43
Q

Keller arthroplasty

A

resection of the proximal aspect of the middle phalanx of great toe for hallux rigidus in low demand elderly patient and your’e trying to avoid fusion

44
Q

What is the heritability of post axial polydactyly

A

Autosomal dominant, more common in African Americans

45
Q

Risk factors for pseudoarthrosis in scoliosis fusion:

A
  • anterior thoracolumbar approaches
  • age >55
  • ## SVA >5cm
46
Q

Indications for resecting talocalcaneal coalition?

A
  • <50% subtalar joint involved

- no significant subtalar joint deformity

47
Q

What is Denosumab

A

anti-RANKL Monoclonal antibody

- competitive receptor

48
Q

What tumor is Denosumab useful for?

A

giant cell tumor of bone

- these are known to express RANKL and cause significant bony lysis

49
Q

Thromboplastin

A

“tissue factor”

  • released during surgical dissectoin
  • activates factor VII
  • VII activates X
  • X activates II (thrombin)
  • clot formation

this is the extrinsic pathway

50
Q

Macrolide antibiotics work by:

A

50S ribosomal subunit - affects protein synthesis

51
Q

Aminoglycosides work by:

A

30S ribosomal subunit

52
Q

Beta lactams wokr by:

A

inhibiting transpeptidase enzymes

- prevents bacterial cell wall formation

53
Q

compnents of the TFCC:

A

ECU subsheath
meniscal homolog
dorsal/ulnar radioulnar ligaments

54
Q

Most common proteoglycan in tendons:

A

decorin

55
Q

Collagen composition of tendons

A

95% type I

<5% type III, V, VI

56
Q

Chronic perilunate, treat with a :

A

PRC

57
Q

Heredity of Tumoral calcinosis?

A

inherited phosphate metabolism error

58
Q

most frequent complication of TKA in patients with Paget’s disease?

A

Malalignment

59
Q

When should you operate on brachial plexus injuries?

A

2-3 months if no return of function

- waiting longer than 20 months risks destruction of the motor endplates

60
Q

Unicortical locked plate compared with bicortical unlocked plate

A

decreased torsional stability with unicortical locked, but increased axial stability

61
Q

Which medicines in conjunction with methotrexate do better for RA than mtx alone?

A

tetracyclines

- doxycycline specifically

62
Q

Waht is the effect of fusing to the sacrum for long scoliosis constructs?

A
  • increases pseudoarthrosis rate

- improves sagittal correction and maintenance

63
Q

Wnt protein

A
  • binds LRP5/6, activates intracellular beta-catenin pathway

- generates osteoblast differentiation from mesenchymal precursors

64
Q

Intrinsic toughness

A

the amount of energy a material can absorb before it breaks

65
Q

Yield stress

A

the amount of energy a material can absorb before it plastically deforms

66
Q

Time to appropriate braking after tibia or ankle fractures?

A
  • 9 weeks from injury

- 6 weeks from initiation of weight bearing

67
Q

A northern blot detects:

A

DNA

68
Q

A southern blot detects

A

RNA (by hybridization)

69
Q

A western blot detects

A

Protein by SDS-PAGE

70
Q

PCR amplification detects

A

DNA sequence isolated by restriction enzymes and PCR amplification of that sequence

71
Q

Type 1 Hypersensitvity Reaction

A

IgE mediated
histamine response
vasodilatation

72
Q

Type IV Hypersensitivity

A

cell mediated (T cells) activate cytotoxic cells and macrophages

  • 2-3 days to develop
  • type 1 diabetes
  • PPD
  • multiple sclerosis
  • allergy to orthopaedic metal hardware
73
Q

Type II Hypersensitivity

A

Mediated by IgM or IgG

  • rheumatic fever
  • myasthenia gravis
  • HIT
74
Q

Type III Hypersensitivity

A

Immune complex mediated

  • RA
  • SLE
75
Q

Anti-Sm antibody

A

SLE

76
Q

Anti-RNP antibody

A

mixed connective tissue disease

77
Q

Anti-SCL70

A

scleroderma

78
Q

Anti-ds-DNA

A

SLE

79
Q

Anti-Histone

A

drug induced lupus

80
Q

Anti-Ro and Anti-La

A

Sjogren syndrome

81
Q

If you see radial club hand you need to think:

A
  • VACTERL
  • Holt-Oram (cardiac abnormalities)
  • TAR (get bloodwork)
  • Fanconi anemia
82
Q

Fanconi anemia

A
  • autosomal recessive
  • treat with bone marrow transplant
  • dx with chromosomal breakage test

BOARDS REVIEW ALL (5 decks)

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