ANOMALIES OF FETAL NECK, HEAD, & SPINE

Question 1

ANOMALIES OF THE FETAL NECK, HEAD, AND SPINE AKA:

Answer 1

NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS

Question 2

ABSENSE OF CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES AND OVERLAYING SKULL AND SCALP. (ALSO THE MOST COMMON CONGENITAL ANOMALY OF CNS)

Answer 2

ANENCEPHALY

Question 3

WHAT IS PRESENT IN HALF THE CASES OF ANENCEPHALY?

Answer 3

POLYHYDRAMNIOS

Question 4

WHAT IS THOUGHT TO BE CAUSED BY A BILATERAL BLOCKAGE OF THE INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERIES?

Answer 4

HYDRANENCEPHALY

Question 5

TOTAL OR NEAR TOTAL ABSENCE OF CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES

Answer 5

HYDRANENCEPHALY

Question 6

FAILURE OF PROSENCEPHALON (FOREBRAIN) TO DIVIDE INTO DOUBLE LOBES OF CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, THALAMI ARE FUSED.

Answer 6

HOLOPROSENCEPHALY

Question 7

WHAT ANOMALY HAS A SINGLE COMMON VENTRICLE THAT IS HORSESHOE SHAPED AND ASSOCIATED WITH CYCLOPIA AND PROBOSCIS

Answer 7

HOLOPROSENCEPHALY

Question 8

FAILURE OF LIP FUSION PRIOR TO 35 DAYS FROM CONCEPTION.

Answer 8

FACIAL CLEFTS

Question 9

CYSTIC AREA IN BACK OF THE BABIES HEAD; OBSTRUCTION OF HINDBRAIN

Answer 9

DANDY WALKER MALFORMATION

Question 10

WHAT 4 ULTRASOUND CHARACTERISTICS WILL YOU SEE ON US W/DANDY WALKER MALFORMATION?

Answer 10

1. CYSTIC ENLARGEMENT OF 4TH VENTRICLE
2. DIALATED 3RD VENTRICLE
3. VARIABLE DIALATION OF LATERAL VENTRICLES
4. CEREBELLAR LOBES SPLIT APART AND ABNORMAL IN SHAPE.

Question 11

BONY DEFECT IN CALVARIUM, W/HERNIATION OF BRAIN AND/OR MENINGES.

Answer 11

CEPHALOCELE (ENCEPHALOCELE)

Question 12

WHAT IS ASSOCIATED W/POLYHYDRAMNIOS AND 80% OF THE TIME HYDROCEPHALUS IS PRESENT?

Answer 12

CEPHALOCELE (ENCEPHALOCELE)

Question 13

ABNORMAL INCREASED/DIALATION DUE TO FLUID IN CEREBRAL VENTRICLES MOST COMMONLY SEEN W/SPINA BIFIDA

Answer 13

HYDROCEPHALUS

Question 14

ARNOLD CHIARI MALFORMATION AKA

Answer 14

BUDD CHIARI MALFORMATION

Question 15

COMMON TYPE OF HYDROCEPHALUS & ASSOC. W/SPINA BIFIDA; CEREBELLUM IS PULLED THROUGH CISTERNA MAGNA.

Answer 15

ARNOLD CHIARI MALFORMATION

Question 16

“BANANA SIGN” - SHAPE OF CEREBELLUM
“LEMON SIGN” - NARROWER PORTION OF ANT PORTION OF HEAD
“BAT WING SIGN” - DIALATION OF LAT VENTRICLES, BILATERAL AND SEVERE

Answer 16

ARNOLD CHIARI MALFORMATION

Question 17

PATIAL ABSENSE OF CAVUM SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM (NORMALLY SHOULD POINT TO FRONT OF BABIES HEAD)

Answer 17

ARNOLD CHIARI MALFORMATION

Question 18

HC MEASURES >3 STANDARD DEVIATIONS BELOW NORMAL.

Answer 18

MICROCEPHALY

Question 19

ASSOC. W/TRISTOMY 18 5% OF THE TIME; BILATERAL CYSTS >10 MM HAVE HIGHER ASSOC. W/ABNORMAL KARYOTYPE

Answer 19

CHOROID PLEXUS CYSTS

Question 20

MAJORITY OF CYSTS IN BACK OF BABIES NECK; 80% ORIGINATE FROM POSTEROLATERAL PORTION OF NECK

Answer 20

CYSTIC HYGROMA

Question 21

ONLY SEEN IN GIRLS; ELBOW MALFORMATION

Answer 21

TURNERS SYNDROME

Question 22

DEFECT IN SPINE DUE TO LACK OF FUSION OF TWO HALVES OF VERTEBRAL ARCH

Answer 22

SPINA BIFIDA

Question 23

MOST COMMON SPINA BIFIDA LOCATION

Answer 23

LUMBAR SACRAL

Question 24

MENINGOCELE (SPINA BIFIDA)

Answer 24

ONLY MENINGES PROTRUDE

Question 25

MENINGOMYELOCELE (SPINA BIFIDA)

Answer 25

MENINGES AND SPINAL CORD PROTRUDE, CAN CAUSE PARALYSIS

Question 26

OCCULT SPINA BIFIDA

Answer 26

SMALL DEFECT W/NO PROTRUSION OF MENINGES OR CORD

Question 27

HIGH ASSOC. W/ARNOLD CHIARI MALFORMATION & ELEVATED SERUM ALPHA FETOPROTEIN LEVELS

Answer 27

SPINA BIFIDA

Question 28

CYST ARISING FROM THE VENTRICLE THAT DEVELOPS AS A CONSEQUENCE OF PARENCHYMAL HEMORRHAGE.

Answer 28

PORENCEPHALIC CYST

Question 29

DILATION OF VENTRICLES W/ACCUMULATION OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID USUALLY DUE TO BLOCKAGE OF DRAINAGE PATHWAYS.

Answer 29

HYDROCEPHALUS (AKA VENTRICULOMEGALY)