Anode Heel Effect Flashcards

1
Q

anode heel effect

A

radiographic phenomenon affecting the intensity of the x-ray beam causing x-ray photons to be absorbed

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2
Q

the anode angle will increase the surface area of the ______ _____ and will therefore increase the ability of anode to _________ _____.

A

focal spot

absorb heat

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3
Q

the anode angle will decrease the _____ size which will increase ________ ___________.

A

EFS

spatial resolution

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4
Q

a larger number of x-ray photons will be produced at the cathode side of the x-ray tube due to what?

A

the angle of the anode

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5
Q

Why does the cathode side have a higher intensity than the anode side?

A

the absorption of the photons deep in the anode heel

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6
Q

What produces the anode heel effect?

A

a number of photons deep in the anode never escape the target so they are absorbed in the anode heel

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7
Q

variables affecting anode heel effect

A

SID
anode target angle
image field size

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8
Q

The relationship between the anode heel effect and the SID is what?

A

indirect

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9
Q

What does less angle mean?

A

more anode that a photon needs to escape to become part of the beam

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10
Q

What does more angle mean?

A

less anode that a photon needs to escape to become part of the beam

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11
Q

The relationship between the anode angle and anode heel effect is what?

A

indirect

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12
Q

The relationship between the field size and anode heel effect is what?

A

direct

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13
Q

What can happen when the anode heel effect causes a variation of intensity of photons across the x-ray field?

A

uneven exposure to the IR

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14
Q

FAT CAT

A

place the thickest part of the patient underneath the cathode end of the x-ray tube

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15
Q

Why do you place the thickest part under the cathode end?

A

it will provide a greater number of photons to penetrate and image the thicker parts

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16
Q

What can the heel effect be used effectively for in radiography?

A

femur
lower leg
humerus
thoracic spine
and lumbar spine

17
Q

Which of the following will decrease the anode heel effect?

A. Decrease SID, increased field size, and increased anode angle
B. Increase SID, decreased field size, and decreased anode angle
C. Decrease SID, increased field size, and decreased anode angle
D. Increased SID, decreased field size, and increased anode angle

A

D. increased SID, decreased field size, and increased anode

18
Q

Define exit beam

A

beam that is exiting the patient to the IR

19
Q

Define useful beam

A

beam exiting the tube that is heading towards the patient

20
Q

What SID will lead to increased anode heel affect?

A

the smallest

21
Q

The anode heel effect causes what 2 things?

A

variation of beam’s intensity across field

a greater intensity of x-rays on the cathode side

22
Q

Increased x-ray photons on the cathode side of the beam describes:

A

the anode heel effect

23
Q

What will occur when the angle of the anode increases?

A

increased ability in anode to absorb heat

decreased anode heel effect

decreased spatial resolution

24
Q

What SID will lead to a decreased anode heel effect?

A

the highest amount

25
Q

Increasing the field size will result in:

A

increased anode heel effect

26
Q

What factors will increase the anode heel effect?

A

decreased SID
increased field size
decreased anode angle

27
Q

What factors will decrease the anode heel effect?

A

increased SID
decreased field size
increased anode angle

28
Q

The use of an x-ray tube with a large anode angle results in which two of the following?

increased heel effect
increased focal spot size
increased heat capacity
decreased heat capacity

A

increased focal spot
increased heat capacity

29
Q

The anode side of the x-ray field demonstrates:

A

lower intensity

30
Q

What is the anode heel effect caused by?

A

x-ray absorption within the anode

31
Q

Directing the anode side of the tube towards the toes in an AP projection of the foot results in:

A

more uniform receptor exposure

32
Q

The use of an x-ray tube with a small anode angle results in which two of the following?

decreased heel effect
decreased focal spot size
increased focal spot size
decreased heat capacity

A

decreased focal spot size
decreased heat capacity

33
Q

What exposure modification will increase the anode heel effect?

A

decreased SID

34
Q

the cathode side always has what than the CR?

A

a higher intensity

35
Q

Which of the following is a potentially negative consequence of an increased anode angle?

decreased effective focal spot
decreased anode heel effect
increased effective focal spot
increased anode heel effect

A

increased effective focal spot

36
Q

an increased effective focal spot size will lead to:

A

decreased spatial resolution

37
Q

Which of the following occurs when the anode angle decreases?

EFS size decreases and heel effect decreases
EFS size decreases and heel effect increases
EFS size increases and heel effect increases
EFS size increases and heel effect decreases

A

EFS size decreases and heel effect increases