Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Annelida > Annelids > Flashcards

Annelids Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: Phylum Annelida largely consists of segmented worms

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Some ____ are grotesque in appearance, whereas others are graceful and beautiful.

A

polychaetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Segments of the bodies of most Annelids are ___

A

metameres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Circular rings that externally mark metameres

A

annuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Division of the body into a series of units, each of which contains similar components of all major organ systems.

A

metamerism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In annelids the segments are delimited internally by ___

A

Septa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Annelids are sometimes called _____ because, with the exception of leeches, most annelids bear tiny chitinous bristles called setae

A

Bristle worms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Short, needlelike setae help anchor segments during ____ and long, hairlike setae aid ____

A

locomotion; aquatic forms in swimming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

_____ are chiefly marine formd

A

Polychaetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Oligochaetes and leeches occur predominantly in _____

A

freshwater or terrestrial soils.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Many leeches are predators, specialized for _____

A

piercing their prey and feeding on blood or soft tissues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A few leeches are _____, but most live in ____ or in damp regions.

A

marine; freshwater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

____ are typically found at both ends of the body for attachment to the substratum or to their prey

A

Suckers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Composes the two-part head of the Annelid body

A

Prostomium and peristomium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A terminal portion in the annelid body that bears an anus

A

pygidium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

New segments differentiate during development just in front of the _____

A

pygidium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Te oldest segments are at the ____ end and the youngest segments are at the ____ end.

A

Anterior; posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

True or False: Each segment typically contains respiratory, nervous, and excretory structures, as well as a coelom.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

True or False: Flaps called parapodia may be present on each segment.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

lines the body wall of each compartment, forming dorsal and ventral mesenteries that cover all organs

A

Peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Peritonea of adjacent segments meet to form ___, which are perforated by the gut and longitudinal blood vessels

A

Septa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

True or False: The body wall surrounding the peritoneum and coelom contains strong circular and longitudinal muscles adapted for swimming, crawling, and burrowing

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The coelom of most annelids is filled with fluid and serves as a hydrostatic skeleton except in ____.

A

Leeches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Crawling motions are produced by ______

A

alternating waves of contraction by longitudinal and circular muscles passing down the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Swimming forms use ____ rather than peristaltic movements in locomotion.

A

undulatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

An annelid body has a thin outer layer of ____ surrounding the epidermis

A

nonchitinous cuticle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

_____ are ancestral for annelids, although they have been reduced or lost in some.

A

Paired epidermal setae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

True or False: The annelid digestive system is segmented

A

False; the gut runs the length of the body perforating each septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

True or False: Longitudinal dorsal and ventral blood vessels follow the same path, as does the ventral nerve cord

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Historically, annelids were divided among three classes: ____, ____, and ____.

A

Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, Hirudinida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Phylogenetic analyses show polychaetes and oligochaetes to be ___ groups; leeches form a ___.

A

paraphyletic; clade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Clitellata are characterized by presence of a reproductive structure called a ____

A

clitellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

a term used to denote any of 80 morphologically distinct families of worms, typically those with many setae

A

Polychaete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The division of annelids into two such groups, one ___ and the other ___ was proposed long ago on morphological grounds and later rejected.

A

Errant; Sedentary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Differentiate Errant and Sedentary

A

Spelling; Errant (freely moving); Sedentary (spending most of their lives in tubes or burrows)

36
Q

Consists of about 250 species of benthic marine worms, living at depths ranging from the intertidal to more than 5000 m.

A

Sipuncula

37
Q

True or False: Sipuncula live sedentary lives in burrows in mud or sand, occupy borrowed snail shells, or live in coral crevices or among vegetation.

A

True

38
Q

Some Sipuncula are commonly called ____ because, when disturbed, they can contract to a peanut shape

A

Peanut worms

39
Q

Sex cells are released in Sipuncula through the ____.

A

nephridia

40
Q

The larval form of Sipuncula is usually a ____

A

trochophore

41
Q

Members of _____ are unusual tube-dwelling annelids with three distinct body regions

A

Chaetopteridae

42
Q

The parchment worm, Chaetopterus feeds on ____

A

suspended particles

43
Q

(Chaetopteridae) The worm attaches to the side of the tube by ____

A

ventral suckers

44
Q

What are fans? (Chaetopteridae)

A

Modified parapodia on segments 14 to 16 that pump water through the tube by rhythmical movements.

45
Q

(Chaetopteridae) A pair of ____ on segment 12 secretes a long mucous net that reaches back to a small food cup just in front of the fans.

A

enlarged parapodia

46
Q

One of two large subgroups within Pleistoannelida that comprises the motile polychaetes.

A

Errantia

47
Q

Most errant polychaetes are (habitat) ____

A

Marine

48
Q

Colors of Erantia

A

They may be brightly colored in reds and greens, iridescent, or dull.

49
Q

Errantia play a significant part in marine food chains because they are _____

A

eaten by fish, crustaceans, hydroids, and many other predators.

50
Q

Errantia have many setae, usually arranged in bundles on the ____.

A

parapodia

51
Q

A polychaete typically has a ____, which may or may not be retractile and which often bears eyes, tentacles, and sensory palps

A

prostomium

52
Q

True or False: The peristomium surrounds the mouth and may bear setae, palps, or, in predatory forms, chitinous jaws

A

True

53
Q

A polychaete’s digestive system consists of a ___, a ___, and a ___.

A

foregut; midgut; hindgut

54
Q

The foregut of errant polychaetes includes a ___, a ____, and an anterior ____.

A

stomodeum; pharynx; esophagus

55
Q

In Errantia, The more ____ portions of the midgut secrete digestive enzymes but absorption occurs toward the ____ end.

A

anterior; posterior

56
Q

In Errantia, a short ____ connects the midgut to the exterior via the anus, which is on the pygidium.

A

hindgut

57
Q

True or False: Sense organs are highly developed in polychaetes and include eyes, nuchal organs, and statocysts.

A

True

58
Q

The highest degree of eye development occurs in the family ____, which has large, image-resolving eyes similar in structure to those of some cephalopod mollusks, with cornea, lens, retina, and retinal pigments.

A

Alciopidae

59
Q

True or False: Polychaetes have no permanent sex organs, and they usually have separate sexes.

A

True

60
Q

Errant polychaetes that live in mucus-lined burrows in or near low tide.

A

Clam worms

61
Q

Clam worms are most active at ____, when they wiggle out of their hiding places and swim or crawl over the sand in search of food

A

Night

62
Q

Why are Hermodice carunculata called fireworms?

A

Their hollow, brittle setae contain a poisonous secretion.

63
Q

____ contains many polychaetes and oligochaetes that live in tubes or burrows, including members of the former phyla

A

Sedentaria

64
Q

Clade ____ contains earthworms and their relatives as well as leeches in class Hirudinida.

A

Clitellata

65
Q

Earthworms feed mainly on _____

A

decaying organic matter, bits of leaves and vegetation, refuse, and animal matter.

66
Q

Earthworms feed mainly on ____

A

decaying organic matter, bits of leaves and vegetation, refuse, and animal matter.

67
Q

Annelids have a double transport system: ____ and a ____ circulatory system.

A

coelomic fluid; closed

68
Q

The nervous system in earthworms consists of a ____ and peripheral nerves.

A

central system; peripheral nerves.

69
Q

True or False: Earthworms react negatively to mechanical stimuli when such stimuli are moderate and positively to a strong stimulus

A

False; positively to mechanical and negatively to strong

70
Q

True or False: Earthworms do not avoid light

A

False; they avoid unless it is very weak

71
Q

____ aid earthworms in the choice of food.

A

Chemical responses

72
Q

True or False: Earthworms are monoecious

A

True

73
Q

Freshwater oligochaetes usually are ____ and have more conspicuous setae than earthworms.

A

smaller

74
Q

True leeches have ___ segments, entirely lack setae, and possess anterior and posterior suckers.

A

34

75
Q

Members of order Acanthobdellida have ___ segments, bear setae on the first ___ segments, and have a ___ sucker.

A

27; 5; posterior

76
Q

Members of order Branchiobdellida have __ or __ segments, no setae, and an ___ sucker

A

14; 15; anterior

77
Q

Leeches occur predominantly in ___ habitats

A

Freshwater

78
Q

Leeches are usually flattened ____

A

dorsoventrally

79
Q

Sa leeches, the ____ secretes a cocoon for reception of eggs.

A

clitellum

80
Q

True or False: Unlike other annelids, leeches have a fixed number of segments

A

True

81
Q

Leeches lack distinct ____ compartments

A

coelomic

82
Q

Explain gas exchange in leeches

A

Occurs only through the skin except in some fish leeches, which have gills.

83
Q

Leeches have two “brains”: one is ___ and composed of ___ pairs of fused ganglia; the other is ____ and composed of ___ pairs of fused ganglia

A

anterior - six; posterior - seven

84
Q

Leeches are ____ but cross-fertilize during copulation

A

hermaphroditic

85
Q

Fluid pressure in fluid-filled coelomic compartments is used to create a _____, which in turn permits precise movements such as burrowing and swimming.

A

hydrostatic skeleton

Annelida (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions