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Registry Review! > ann review > Flashcards

ann review Flashcards

1
Q

what measures tube current?

A

mA meter

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2
Q

what is surrounded by the negatively charged focusing cup?

A

filament

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3
Q

Which device reduces voltage and provides current to produce an electron cloud or space charge at the filament?

A

step down transformer

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4
Q

What type of x-ray machine uses a continually decreasing mA for the shortest times possible?

A

falling load generator

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5
Q

The speed of x-rays is based on:

A

The fact that they are a form of electromagnetic radiation

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6
Q

The test that measures the accuracy of adjacent mA stations is:
it must be accurate to within:

A

exposure linearity

10%

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7
Q

The test that measures the accuracy of successive exposures is:
it must be accurate to within:

A

Exposure reproducibility

5%

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8
Q

What device always delivers the shortest exposure time possible?

A

Falling load generator

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9
Q

What is the most commonly used AEC?

A

ionization chamber

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10
Q

The primary type of grid used in diagnostic imaging is:

A

focused

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11
Q

The primary purpose of filtration is:

A

RADIATION PROTECTION MOTHER F-ER!!!

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12
Q

The electricity provided to the radiology department operates at:

A

120 pulses per second

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13
Q

Resolution of the television system may be measured using the following tool(s):

A

Resolution test pattern

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14
Q

Fluoroscopy exposure rate may not exceed:

A

100 mGya per minute

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15
Q

what is electrostatics?

A

Electrostatics is the study of electric charges at rest

Electrostatic charges concentrate on a conductor in the ares of greatest curvature

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16
Q

____________________ is done during preprocessing to correct for an irregular pattern over the image.

A

flat fielding

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17
Q

__________________ is corrected by the application of an offset voltage.

A

image lag

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18
Q

The two principal characteristics of a medical image are __________.

A

spatial resolution and contrast resolution

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19
Q

The portion of useful image-forming x-rays is referred to as the ____________>

A

signal

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20
Q

The number of gray shades that an imaging system can reproduce is called its ______________.

A

dynamic range

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21
Q

The laser is one of the features of the computed radiography reader.

A

optical

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22
Q

The human visual system can distinguish _______ shades of gray.

A

30

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23
Q

The four steps of creating an image with computed radiography are .

A

metastable state, stimulate, read, and erase

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24
Q

The following computer component temporarily stores data for processing.

A

hard disk drive

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25
Q

he dynamic range determines the degree of in the image.

A

contrast resolution

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26
Q

The computed radiography image has:

A

narrow exposure latitude

improved contrast resolution

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27
Q

The ______________ digital imaging system uses the highest dynamic range.

A

mammography

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28
Q

patial frequency is used to describe the quality of spatial resolution in terms of _____________.

A

line pairs

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29
Q

Spatial resolutuion is determined by the ratio of ____ to ____

A

FOV

matrix size

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30
Q

In digital imaging, spatial resolution is ultimately limited by ______________.

A

pixel size

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31
Q

If there were such thing as a perfect imaging system, the MTF would be equal to __________.

A

1

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32
Q

If digital radiography imaging system has a spatial resolution of 10 lp/mm, what is the pixel size of that system?

A

.05mm

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33
Q

Europium is the of the photostimulable phosphor.

A

activator

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34
Q

Histogram selection is done __________________.

A

by the radiographer before each exam

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35
Q

If an image receptor has a high probability if interacting with the x-ray beam, then it has a high __________.

A

DQE

36
Q

How can the radiographer tell if the automatic exposure control (AEC) is calibrated properly when using CR imaging plates?

A

The exposure indicator number is in the optimal range

37
Q

Edge enhancement can be applied to a digital image to improve which of the following?

A

The contrast along the edges of a structure

38
Q

extreme overexposure (at least 4X) will create “black holes” in the low density, tissue areas of a digital image. The proper term for this effect is:

A

saturation

39
Q

What determines high contrast resolution in a digital image?

A

High exposure and low noise

40
Q

If you are going to put more than one image on a CR cassette, which of the following it true?

A
  1. The unexposed areas must be covered with lead

2. Four collimated borders must be around each image

41
Q

In digital radiography, Nyquist is referring to which of the following?

A

The sampling frequency of the digital data

42
Q

Random background interference that is often referred to as “snow” on a television is called what?

A

noise

43
Q

Smoothing can be applied to a digital image to mask which of the following?

A

noise

44
Q

The photostimulable phosphor that is used in a CR’s imaging plate is a barium fluoride compound that is doped with:

A

europium

45
Q

The quality of a digital image depends on which of the following?

A
  1. Spatial resolution
  2. Brightness
  3. Contrast
46
Q

The size of the pixel produced when a CR imaging plate is read depends on which of the following?

A
  1. The speed of the imaging plate as it passes through the reader
  2. The frequency with which the data is sampled
  3. The dimensions of the laser beam
47
Q

To prevent a moire pattern in your computed radiography (CR) digital image, it is best to have the grid lines running to the direction of the laser beam.

A

perpendicular

48
Q

What is the technical name for a computed radiography imaging plate?

A

Photostimulable phosphor plate

49
Q

Which of the following could cause a histogram analysis error?

A
  1. Improper collimation
  2. Off-focus/scatter radiation
  3. Grid cut-off
50
Q

what is the distance measured from the center of a pixel to an adjacent pixel called?

A

pixel pitch

51
Q

what is the measure of spatial resolution called?

A

spatial frequency.

line pairs per mm

52
Q

what is the formula to determine pixel size?

A

fov / matrix size

53
Q

the TFT array is divided into ______ which obtains electrical charges that are sent to the ADC for digitization

A

detector elements DEL

54
Q

what is the percentage of X-ray capture called?

A

fill factor

55
Q

what is an image displayed as rows and columns called?

A

matrix

56
Q

what determines how often the analog signal is reproduced in its discrete digitized form?

A

sampling frequency

57
Q

what is the ability to distinguish between small objects having similar subject contrast and number of shades of gray called?

A

contrast resolution

58
Q

what determines the number of shades of gray that can be displayed?

A

bit depth

59
Q

what is the mathematical procedure for measuring resolution?

A

modulation transfer function
high MTF=improved visibility
1 = maximum difference in brightness level
0= no difference in brightness level

60
Q

what is the measurement of efficiency of an IR in converting X-ray exposure it receives to a quality image?

A

detective quantum efficiency DQE

61
Q

what is the post processing function that compensates underexposed areas by making them darker and overexposed ?

A

equilization

62
Q

following histogram analysis, _______ provides a method of altering image to change display of the digital image

A

look up table

63
Q

_________ is required to reduce data file size and increase transmission time

A

image compression

64
Q

what can lead to an exposure field recognition error?

A

when the X-ray field is not properly collimated, sized or positioned

65
Q

this type of grid cut off causes significant underexposure to the lateral edges of the image:

A

upside down focused

66
Q

this type of grid cut off from either the tube or IR being angled, and it causes a decrease in radiation exposure to the IR and is the most common type:

A

Off level

67
Q

this type of grid cut off occurs when CR is not aligned from side to side w/ center of a focused grid and appears as an overall loss of exposure:

A

off center

68
Q

this type of grid cut off occurs when using SID outside of recommended focal range and appears as a loss of exposure at the periphery of the image:

A

off focus

69
Q

_______ is a program in radiology that addresses customer service, image interpretation, accuracy of diagnosis, and distribution of radiologists reports:

A

quality assurance

70
Q

__________ is a program that specifically addresses safe and reliable operation of equipment:

A

quality control

71
Q

CR perpendicularity cannot be misaligned by more than ______

A

1 degree

72
Q

what is the TG18-QC test pattern used for?

A

tests display monitor

73
Q

________ is the measurement of light intensity emitting from the surface of the monitor, expressed in units of candela per square meter.

A

luminance

74
Q

the addition of a grid will ______receptor exposure, _______ density and _________ contrast.

A

decrease
decrease
increase

75
Q

the _____ focal spot is where the electrons in the tube bombard the target and the ______ focal spot is the area that is viewed and measured directly below the target

A

actual

effective

76
Q

an increase in angle of the tube will ______ receptor exposure, ______ spatial resolution and ______ distortion.

A

decrease
decrease
increase

77
Q

this detector is made up of cesium iodide amorphous silicon:

A

indirect capture

78
Q

this detector is made up of amorphous selenium:

A

direct capture

79
Q

____ monitor includes an electron gun receiving the video signal that scans the phosphor layer inside the glass front

A

CRT

80
Q

________ monitor contain several layers including liquid crystal layer sandwiched between polarizing layers

A

LCD

81
Q

________ monitors consist of a thin layer of pixels that contain three neon and xenon gas filled cells

A

plasma

82
Q

what are the 4 layers of the PSP CR imaging plate?

A
  1. support layer/base
  2. reflective layer
  3. phosphor layer
  4. protective layer
83
Q

________ is a photosensitive receptor and electronics embedded into substrate material in a silicon chip, coupling devices that act as a camera

A

CCD charged coupled device

84
Q

_________ is a special type of memory chip that uses a small rechargeable or lithium battery to retain info about a personal computers hardware while the computer is turned out

A

CMOS complementary metal oxide semiconductor

85
Q

_________ maintains consistent image brightness despite over/underexposure

A

rescaling

86
Q

________ is the process of assigning a value to a dead pixel based on recorded value of adjacent pixels

A

dead pixel correction

Registry Review! (6 decks)

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