Ankle Joint Flashcards
Joint classification, how the joint achieve stability, movements and muscles, innervation and blood supply, what can go wrong and how to tell on examination.
How is the ankle joint classified structurally and functionally?
Structure - synovial; function - hinge joint.
What are the articulations of the ankle joint?
Tibia, fibula, and wedged shaped talus.
What is the mortise of the ankle joint?
Socket made of tibia, fibula, and tibiofibular ligaments.
How is the stability of the ankle joint achieved?
Tibiofibular ligaments hold the tibia and fibula together; the mortise shape; medial adn lateral ligaments.
How does the mortise affect stability of the ankle joint?
On dorsiflexion, the anterior part of the talus is held in the mortise and is stable. On plantarflexion, the posterior part of the talus is held in the mortise and is less stable.
Where is the medial ligament of the ankle joint?
Medial malleolus of tibia to talus, calcaneus, navicular bones.
What is the function of the medial ligament of the ankle joint?
Prevents over-eversion of the foot.
Where is the lateral ligament of the ankle joint?
Lateral malleolus of fibula to lateral aspect of talus (anterior), posterior aspect of talus (posterior), and to calcaneus (calcaneofibular).
What are the movements of the ankle joint?
Plantarflexion, dorsiflexion.
What are the muscles driving plantarflexion of the ankle joint?
Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, posterior tibialis.
What are the muscles driving dorsiflexion of the ankle joint?
Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus. extensor digitorum longus.
Which arteries supply the ankle joint?
Malleolar branches of anterior tibial, posterior tibial, and fibular arteries.
Which nerves innervate the ankle joint?
Tibial nerve, deep fibular nerve.
What is an ankle sprain?
Partial or complete tears in ligaments of the ankle joint due to excessive inversion to plantarflexed and weight-bearing foot.
What is a Pott’s fracture-dislocation?
Bimalleolar (medial and lateral malleolus) or trimalleolar (medial and lateral malleolus, and distal tibial) fracture due to forced eversion of foot.
