Ankle Joint Flashcards
Is the tibia or the fibula weight bearing?
The tibia transfers weight from the the knee to, it is the only bone which articulates with the knee hence it is weigh bearing.
If it is not weight bearing what is the role of the fibula?
Fibula is mainly for muscle attachment
How and where tibia more susceptible to injury?
Although they are connected and generally broken together –> Because long ring bone
Tibia felt as the shin, sits very medially and anteriorly can be felt subcutaenously close to teh skin. the most susceptible region is at the junction of the superior 2/3 and the inferior 1/3, this is where the tibia is the narrowest and has the poorest blood supply ( where anterior tibia artery from above anastamose with fibular arteries from below)
If single fracture it is generally the fibula
What the interosseus membrane
Deep fascia, in between the tibia and fibula, can serve as a location for muscle attachement
Describe the superior Tibiofemoral Joint
It is a synovial joint
- re infroced by ligaments anteriorly & posteirorly
Describe the inferior tibiofemoral Joint? Common MOde of injury?
Fibrous Joint - Syndesmosis
- reinforced by ant posterior, and interosseus ligaments
- Involved in shock absorption
Diastasis: Common mode of injury when individual falls form a great hight causing tears of the syndesmosis
What is the stability of the tibiofemoral joint?
Both superior and inferior are quite stable , therefore sublaxation and dislocation is quite rare
What is the calcaenus?
It is the heal bone, bears weight onto the ground thus the strongest of all of the tarsal bones. Vertically orientated
What is the talus? What does it it articulate with?
The tallus articulates with tibia to form the ankle joint. it sits in teh socket formed by the medial and lateral malleolus. Vertically orientated
What is so special about the lateral metatarsal
• 2nd metatarsal = THIN + LOCKED IN PLACE (by cuneiforms) + SUSCEPTIBLE TO WEIGHT BEARING SHOCK March fracture
How are nerves and vessels which pass throught he foot protected from compression?
There are two sesamoid bones under the head of the first metatarsal which create a tunnerl
Between which two malleloi does the tallus sit? Which mallelous extends further?
Sits between the medial and lateral malleolus, the lateral malleoli extends more distally than the medial. The plane of movement is not horizontal. The socket which it fits into is called the
Mortice
What is the inferior transverse ligameent? What is its function?
A transverse ligament which runs behind the malleoli. it takes origin from the lateral mallelous and goes almost o the medial mallelolar procss
It functions to deepend the motice
What is the axis of movement at the ankle?
It is oblique, as the lateral mallelous projects further.
o Plantar flexion (pointing down) = projects more medially
o Dorsi flexion (pointing up) = projects more laterally
Describe the medial collateral ligament of the ankle joint?
Extends from the medial malleloous to the bone, it is thicker than lateral. Along with three other ligaments forms a tight traingular band mass
Describe the arragnement of the lateral collateral ligament
Made up of 3 different ligaments ( going from talus)
- ANterior tallofibilar
- Posterior tofibular ligament
- Inferior calcaneofibular
Ankle Sprain? What is the most common? How?
Ankle sprain refers to the injury of the ligaments. THe most common sprain is that of the LCL, specially the atnerior tibulofibular.
- this occurs when weight is displaced to the lateral asepct of the foot
Occurs in inversion & plantar flexion
What is the joint between the talus and clacaenus called
Subtalar joint
Describe the two mid tarsal joints
1) talocalacenonavicular - involves the talus , calcaenus , navicular bones
2) Calcaneocuboid
- Between teh cubour and calcaenus
What are the movements at teh subtalar joint?
• Movements = INVERSION (20o from midline) & EVERSION (10o from midline)
Describe eversion and inversion whilst walking
We land on foot in inversion and this changes to everison as we push off
Sinus Tarsei
•Subtalar joint
Separated into anterior and posterior by groove that forms between two bones = SINUS TARSI
o This groove has a powerful ligament that helps limit side-to-side movements (eversion & inversion) known as the INTEROSSEOUS TALO-CALCANEAL LIGAMENT
What are the midtarsal joints?
Midtarsal joints = Talocalcaneo-navicular + calcaneocuboid joints
• Movements = ABDUCTION & ADDUCTION
o Eversion + abduction = ‘pronation’
o Inversion + adduction = ‘supination’
When does supination and primation occur in running?
• Running landing on SUPINATION and rolling into PRONATION before pushing off (shoes want to limit pronation so less stress on other parts of leg)
Metatarso phalangela joint? What type of joint? What movements?
It is a condyloid joint, invovled in flexion extension and adduciotn abdutction
Interphalngeal joint? What type of joint? What movements?
It is a hinge joint involved in flexion andexnteions
• Plates of cartilage = PLANTAR AND DORSAL PLATES increase the articular surface
What is the plantar aponeurosis? Where does it ocucr? Whatpurpose does it serve/
Clinical signifcance? Pathology?
Plantar aponeurosis occurs from head of metatarsals to to calcaneus
- maintains the longitudinal arch of foot
Clinical Signficance
Plantar fascitis
- Too much running on hard surfaces, ainappropriate footwaer, inflammationtraction/ irritation at teh calcenus attachment
- Get also get bony spur osteophytes projecting onto the aponeurosis
Which three poitns are the arches of the bone constructed in between?
- calcaneal tuberosity- , head of MT 1 & 5
There form the 2 longitudinal arches ( medial + lateral)
Medial longitudinal arch is higher than lateral
Top of longitudinal arch is the tlaus and mavicular bones
1 Transverse arch
- Hemic arch on each foot , which form sa fill arch when two feed together
What is the purpose of the arches
Prrovides spring
Stable support in steepping
- supported by ligaments, whic is stretched out in polonged standing, pain due to this and collapse of arches
- supported by long muscles e.g. flexus hallicus logus rusn entire length of medial longitudinal arch
