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Semester 2 PM Exam 9 > Ankle/Foot Radiology > Flashcards

Ankle/Foot Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

Foot at birth

A

calcaneus and talus ossified

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2
Q

at what age do centers of ossification appear in the foot?

A

age 1-4

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3
Q

when is the foot fully ossified?

A

age 20

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4
Q

routine projections of the ankle

A

AP, lateral
Oblique = AP mortise
INV/EV stress projections may also be done

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5
Q

AP of ankle

A

distal tibia and fibula
medial and lateral malleoli (lateral lower than medial)
head of talus
bones of foot will be superimposed
lines from tibia and talus should be parallel to each other

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6
Q

AP Mortise/Oblique ankle

A

leg is rotated to position the malleoli in the same plane (15 degrees IR)

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7
Q

Lateral ankle

A 
beam goes from medial to lateral
lateral aspect closest to film
relationship of tibia to talus
subtalar articulation 
talus and calcaneus
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8
Q

routine projections of the foot

A

AP, oblique, lateral

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9
Q

AP projection of foot

A

medial 2 rays
phalanges
stress films

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10
Q

Oblique of foot

A

45 degrees from AP, 1st metatarsal against film
3rd thru 5th rays including phalanges
Central ray goes thru 3-5th MTs

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11
Q

Lateral of foot

A

lateral portion of foot closest to film
talar/calcaneal relationship
posterior rim of 3rd malleolus visible
subtalar joint line should be smooth

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12
Q

Talometatarsal angle

A

line along midshaft of metatarsal
line bisecting talus
normal is a straight line (A)
WB vs NWB

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13
Q

AP inversion and eversion stress projections

A

ankle mortise joint space is viewed

normal: INV = 5-15 degrees, EV = 10 degrees

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14
Q

Ottawa ankle rules

A

cannot bear wt/walk 4 steps OR
bony tenderness localized to posterior edge or inferior tip of lateral malleolus
bony tenderness up to 6 cm above either malleolus

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15
Q

Ottawa Mid-Foot rules

A

cannot bear wt/walk 4 steps
bony tenderness over navicular OR
bony tenderness over base of 5th metatarsal

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16
Q

AP of ankle

A

foot = big white blob because bones are superimposed on each other
“conditions of distal tibia and fibula” refer to medial and lateral malleolus
talus and malleoli overlap in straight AP
shaft of tibia/fibula overlap

17
Q

AP mortise (oblique)

A

IR of leg to get malleoli in same plane
central beam goes thru malleoli
problem if tibia and fibula are separated

18
Q

zone of neutrality

A

calcaneus
bone not as dense, not as much trabeculi
fracture = density in this area
normal = radiolucent

19
Q

Bohler Angle

A

normal = 20-40 degrees
indicates the calcaneus is intact
below 20 degrees = issue with calcaneus (injury)

20
Q

Gissane’s Angle (?)

A

integrity of talocalcaneal joint

normal = 40-50 degrees

21
Q

AP of foot

A

ray = metatarsal, tarsal, phalanges

medial 2 rays clearly visible

22
Q

AP of foot

A

cuneiforms should line up with metatarsals (not lined up as clearly in oblique view)

23
Q

AP of Ankle

A

talus and malleoli should overlap
shaft of tibia and fibula overlap significantly
will not see clear jointline of talocrural joint
interosseous membrane not clearly seen

24
Q

AP mortise of ankle

A 
central beam goes through malleoli
med/lat malleolus clearly visible
should have visible talocrural joint space
dome of talus visible
interosseous membrane clearly seen
some MT's visible
posterior rim of tibia = 3rd malleolus
25
Q

A lateral projection of the ankle is primarily looked at the relationship of the ____ to the ____

A

tibia to talus

26
Q

Gissane’s Angle

A

assesses the integrity of the talocalcaneal joint

normal = 40-50 degrees

27
Q

Zone of neutrality

A

area in calcaneus where bone is less dense, less trabeculi, takes on less stress. if this area is dense it indicates fracture. normal = radiolucent.

28
Q

Bohler’s Angle

A

indicates an intact calcaneus

normal = 20-40 degrees

29
Q

What does a lateral projection of the foot assess?

A

talar/calcaneal relationship

30
Q

Benefit of lateral of foot vs lateral of ankle

A

lateral of foot images out distal aspect of foot (MT’s) better than lateral of ankle does

31
Q

Gaping above navicular (talometatarsal angle)

A

indicates pes cavus foot/arch

32
Q

gaping below navicular (talometatarsal angle)

A

indicates pes planus foot/arch

33
Q

ankle mortise view is used to assess what injury?

A

inversion/eversion ankle sprains

34
Q

Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)

A

weakest of 3 lateral ligaments of ankle and most commonly injured lateral ligament

35
Q

Fibular nerve impingement

A

can occur with inversion trauma

36
Q

most common cause of talus fracture

A

significant pronation/DF force

37
Q

mechanism of injury for calcaneal fractures

A

falling from a height

Semester 2 PM Exam 9 (1 decks)

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