Ankle Foot Orthotics Flashcards
what are precautioons/contraindications of AFOs
precaution: sensation impairment or edema
contraindication: open wound or fixed deformity of the ankle
what are trim lines
they are the borders of an orthosis that determine the amount of containment and control of the tibia
what is the height and reasoning of the trim lines
it is one inch inferior to the fibular head; a longer lever arm is needed for more control
how is the design of a full foot plate significiant
controls the knee
also used for pt. with hypertonicity
what is an articulated or hinged joint
a free joint that allows for full ankle DF/PF but limits medial/lateral motion
where are postings placed on an orthotic
added to the external plantar surface of the hindfoot to provide extra support for any abnormal alignment or accommodated fixed deformities
what are AFOs most commonly used for
drop foot
what is a patellar tendon bearing shell indicated for
heel ulcers calcanectomy severe foot trauma chronic ankle pain ****this custom AFO is used to take WB off the bottom foot
what are pre-fab AFOs best for
best for short term used or trials
best for patients with good sensation and no edema
what is the top choice pre-fab AFO
carbon fiber because it has energy storing benefits and is light weight
what patient would be using a carbon fiber AFO
pt. with MS or post-polio would benefit from the light weight mold due to their impairments involving fatigue and decreased strength
when would we choose to use a conventional AFO
when it is hard to fit a custom orthotic because of poor skin integrity
for someone with edema, severe bony deformity or poor sensation
what is the name of a foot orthosis with trim lines above the malleoli and surrounding the foot
a supramalleolar orthotic
when is a SMO indicated
for someone who needs medial/lateral control but has DF/PF control
characteristics of the posterior leaf spring
pre-fabricated
trim lines are posterior to the malleoli
provides DF assist
gives support during swing but no control during stance
how can a solid AFO counteract genu recurvatum
it is set at 2-3 degrees of DF which minimizes the excessive extension moment while preserving the knee joint
how is knee extension moment promoted
by ankle plantar flexion
how is knee flexion moment promoted
by ankle dorsiflexion
what type of ankle joint provides only mediolateral stability
the free joint
when is a PF joint stop used
used in someone with dorsiflexion weakness
when is a dorsiflexion joint stop used
used in quad weakness; because if you are unable to get full extension in the knee your leg will keep buckling therefore creating too much dorsiflexion
when is a dorsiflexion assist spring joint contraindicated
with someone who has hypertonicity
what is the purpose of a ground or floor reaction AFO
limits forward progression of the tibia during stance phase which produces a knee ext moment because it sets the leg in slight plantarflexion
when is a ground reaction AFO indicated
used for someone with excessive knee flexion and dorisflexion
what does the spiral AFO control
controls eversion/inversion
has little control over DF/PF
How is the toe off AFO considered a dynamic response orthoses
it stores and returns energy which can reduce the energy cost of walking
the anterior design provides DF resistance which assists PF and propulsion at toe off
which AFO is indicated for Charcot Marie Tooth deformity and why
the unloading neuropathic AFO because it transfers weight from the foot into the orthotic and is designed to off load wound sites
