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Semester 2 FS Exam 9 > Ankle/Foot Biomechanics > Flashcards

Ankle/Foot Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

Proximal tibiofibular joint

A

synovial gliding joint

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2
Q

Middle TFJ

A

syndesmosis (interosseous membrane)

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3
Q

distal TFJ

A

synovial gliding joint

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4
Q

attachments at proximal end of fibula

A

LCL, biceps femoris tendon, arcuate tendon

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5
Q

list the 7 tarsal bones

A

talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, medial - intermediate - lateral cuneiforms

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6
Q

hindfoot

A

talus and calcaneus

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7
Q

midfoot

A

navicular, cuboid, medial - intermediate - lateral cuneiforms

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8
Q

forefoot

A

metatarsals and phalanges

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9
Q

damage to ant/post tibiofibular ligaments will cause instability in which joint?

A

talocrural joint

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10
Q

the talocrural joint is a _____ joint

A

mortise

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11
Q

Talocrural joint

A

articulating surfaces = tibia-talus and fibula-talus
tibia/fibula = concave
talus = convex
lateral malleolus: more distal and posterior than medial malleolus

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12
Q

trochlea of talus

A

wider anteriorly
tight/stable in DF
convex in AP direction and in ML direction

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13
Q

DF

A

motion in sagittal plane around transverse-frontal axis

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14
Q

PF

A

motion in sagittal plane around transverse-frontal axis

distal aspect of foot moves away from tibia

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15
Q

Abduction

A

motion in transverse plane around vertical (frontal-sagittal) axis in which distal aspect of foot (big toe) moves away from mid line of body

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16
Q

Adduction

A

motion in transverse plane around vertical (frontal-sagittal) axis in which distal aspect of foot moves towards midline of body

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17
Q

Inversion

A

motion in frontal plane around transverse-sagittal axis

plantar aspect of foot moves medially

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18
Q

Eversion

A

motion in frontal plane around transverse-sagittal axis

plantar aspect of foot moves laterally

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19
Q

AB/ADD = which axis

A

vertical

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20
Q

DF/PF = which axis

A

ML axis

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21
Q

EV/INV = which axis

A

AP axis

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22
Q

Talocrural joint axis

A

frontal plane: 10 degree drop laterally
transverse plane: 6 degrees posterior lateral
lateral malleolus is posterior and lateral to medial malleolus

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23
Q

Motion coupling: DF goes with?

A

abduction and eversion

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24
Q

motion coupling: PF goes with?

A

adduction and inversion

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25
Q

eversion goes with?

A

DF and abduction

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26
Q

Talocrural arthrokinematics

A 
open kinetic chain
talus on tibia
- distal on proximal
- convex on concave
- roll and glide opposite
TCJ is most stable in DF
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27
Q

DF roll and glide for talocrural joint?

A

roll anteriorly and glide/slide posteriorly

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28
Q

PF roll and glide for talocrural joint?

A

roll posteriorly and glide/slide anteriorly

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29
Q

Effect of gravity on talocrural joint

A

gravity causes DF torque at TCJ
external DF moment
internal PF moment

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30
Q

external forces at talocrural joint?

A

muscle, GRF, BW

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31
Q

force in TCJ during terminal stance?

A

4x BW during normal gait

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32
Q

The subtalar joint is also know as?

A

talocalcaneal joint

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33
Q

Subtalar joint

A 
3 articulations (anterior, middle, posterior facets)
cannot have motion in one facet without having motion in the other two
34
Q

Where does the talus sit in relation to the calcaneus?

A

talus is on top of the anterior/medial aspect of the calcaneus

35
Q

Subtalar joint axis is ___ degrees from transverse plane

A

42

36
Q

subtalar joint axis is ____ degrees from frontal plane

A

48

37
Q

the subtalar joint axis is ____ degrees from the sagittal plane

A

16

38
Q

the medial aspect of the talus rests on top of which structure?

A

sustanaculum tali

39
Q

IC = pronation or supination of foot?

A

pronation. heel (calcaneus) moves laterally under BW

40
Q

Supination = which 3 movements?

A

inversion, PF, adduction

41
Q

pronation = which 3 movements?

A

eversion, DF, abduction

42
Q

function of pronation

A

shock absorption

43
Q

function of supination

A

creates rigid lever for propulsion

foot goes into supination position during push off. helps transfer wt/forces. calcaneus moves medially.

44
Q

oblique axis

A

represents hindfoot motion with respect to the tibia (?)

45
Q

Subtalar arthrokinematics: NWB

A

distal on proximal (how the calcaneus and forefoot move with respect to the tibia and talus)

46
Q

subtalar arthrokinematics: NWB - supination

A 
calcaneus = inversion
forefoot = PF and ADD
47
Q

subtalar arthrokinematics: NBW - pronation

A 
calcaneus = eversion
forefoot = DF and ABD
48
Q

subtalar arthrokinematics: WB

A

proximal on distal (how the hindfoot moves with respect to the forefoot)

49
Q

subtalar arthrokinematics: WB - supination

A 
calcaneus = inversion
talus = ABD and DF
tibia = ER
50
Q

subtalar arthrokinematics: WB - pronation

A 
calcaneus = eversion
talus = ADD and PF
tibia = IR
51
Q

subtalar arthrokinematics: WB - pronation occurs during which part of gait?

A

Loading response and mid-stance
talus adducts due to medial arch collapsing
tibia has to follow motion of talus

52
Q

subtalar arthrokinematics: WB - supination occurs during which part of gait?

A

push off

abduction of talus causes ER of tibia

53
Q

pronation occurs at which aspect of the gait cycle?

A

0-15 % (loading response and part of mid-stance)

54
Q

sagittal plane is which axis

A

mediolateral

55
Q

frontal plane is which axis

A

anterior posterior

56
Q

transverse plane is which axis

A

vertical axis

57
Q

which movements occur along the ML axis?

A

DF/PF (sagittal plane)

58
Q

which movements occur along the AP axis?

A

inversion/eversion (2:1 ratio) (frontal plane)

59
Q

which movements occur along the vertical axis?

A

ABD/ADD (transverse plane)

60
Q

describe the varus motion of the rear foot

A

plantar aspect of foot faces medially

inversion

61
Q

describe the valgus motion of the rear foot

A

plantar aspect of foot faces laterally

eversion

62
Q

Subtalar neutral definition

A

the most stable position of the joint
max congruency of STJ (talus and calcaneus)
max contact area between articulating surfaces of STJ

63
Q

Subtalar neutral info

A

neither pronated nor supinated position
2:1 ratio of supination to pronation allowed at the STJ
average neutral position is 0-3 degrees of inversion

64
Q

does the subtalar joint allow more inversion or eversion?

A

2:1 ratio of 2x more inversion than eversion allowed

STJ neutral used to make orthodics

65
Q

In anatomical zero, the subtalar joint assesses:

A

INV/EV
rear-foot varus/valgus
fore-foot varus/valgus

66
Q

The transverse tarsal joint is also known as the ___ joint or the _____ joint

A

S joint or midtarsal joint

67
Q

Functions of transverse tarsal joint/s-joint/midtarsal joint

A

accommodation to terrain (uneven surfaces)
smooth transition from lateral to medial metatarsals in stance phase of gait
maintenance of forefoot loading during late midstance while STJ supinates

68
Q

the transverse tarsal joint is a joint made up of which two joints?

A

Calcaneocuboid and talonavicular

69
Q

the calcaneocuboid aspect of the s joint makes up the medial or lateral part of the s joint?

A

lateral (it is a shallow saddle joint)

70
Q

the talonavicular aspect of the s joint makes up which aspect of the s joint?

A

medial

71
Q

The calcaneonavicular joint is supported by which ligament?

A

spring ligament

72
Q

Which joint is essential for providing rigidity to the ankle during push off?

A 
transverse tarsal (s-) joint 
(plantar fascia stabilizes s joint during push off)
73
Q

Transverse tarsal joint axes

A

closed packed = full supination (max congruency of s joint which occurs during push off)
open packed = mid-range

74
Q

name the two axes of the transverse tarsal joint

A

longitudinal and oblique

75
Q

motion of the transverse tarsal joint on the longitudinal axis

A

allows ample inversion and eversion! second most allowed motion on this axis is AB/ADD

76
Q

motion of the transverse tarsal joint on the oblique axis

A

most motion allowed = PF/DF
second most motion allowed = AB/ADD
third most motion allowed = EV/INV

77
Q

the longitudinal axis of the TTJ is closest to the ___ axis, which is why it allows the most EV/INV

A

AP axis

78
Q

oblique axis of TTJ

A

closer to vertical axis than AP, and closer to M/L axis than AP

79
Q

Talonavicular Joint info

A

head of talus = convex
body of navicular = concave
ball and socket joint
structurally limitless range of motion

80
Q

Calcaneocuboid Joint info

A 
saddle type joint
transverse plane = convex
sagittal plane = concave
frontal plane = triangular 
motion occurs in all 3 planes
81
Q

main movements of talocrural joint

A

DF/PF

82
Q

main movements of subtalar joint

A

INV/EV and AB/ADD

Semester 2 FS Exam 9 (2 decks)

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