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Semester 2 FS Exam 9 > Ankle/Foot Biomechanics > Flashcards

Ankle/Foot Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

Proximal tibiofibular joint

A

synovial gliding joint

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2
Q

Middle TFJ

A

syndesmosis (interosseous membrane)

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3
Q

distal TFJ

A

synovial gliding joint

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4
Q

attachments at proximal end of fibula

A

LCL, biceps femoris tendon, arcuate tendon

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5
Q

list the 7 tarsal bones

A

talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, medial - intermediate - lateral cuneiforms

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6
Q

hindfoot

A

talus and calcaneus

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7
Q

midfoot

A

navicular, cuboid, medial - intermediate - lateral cuneiforms

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8
Q

forefoot

A

metatarsals and phalanges

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9
Q

damage to ant/post tibiofibular ligaments will cause instability in which joint?

A

talocrural joint

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10
Q

the talocrural joint is a _____ joint

A

mortise

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11
Q

Talocrural joint

A

articulating surfaces = tibia-talus and fibula-talus
tibia/fibula = concave
talus = convex
lateral malleolus: more distal and posterior than medial malleolus

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12
Q

trochlea of talus

A

wider anteriorly
tight/stable in DF
convex in AP direction and in ML direction

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13
Q

DF

A

motion in sagittal plane around transverse-frontal axis

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14
Q

PF

A

motion in sagittal plane around transverse-frontal axis

distal aspect of foot moves away from tibia

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15
Q

Abduction

A

motion in transverse plane around vertical (frontal-sagittal) axis in which distal aspect of foot (big toe) moves away from mid line of body

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16
Q

Adduction

A

motion in transverse plane around vertical (frontal-sagittal) axis in which distal aspect of foot moves towards midline of body

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17
Q

Inversion

A

motion in frontal plane around transverse-sagittal axis

plantar aspect of foot moves medially

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18
Q

Eversion

A

motion in frontal plane around transverse-sagittal axis

plantar aspect of foot moves laterally

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19
Q

AB/ADD = which axis

A

vertical

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20
Q

DF/PF = which axis

A

ML axis

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21
Q

EV/INV = which axis

A

AP axis

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22
Q

Talocrural joint axis

A

frontal plane: 10 degree drop laterally
transverse plane: 6 degrees posterior lateral
lateral malleolus is posterior and lateral to medial malleolus

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23
Q

Motion coupling: DF goes with?

A

abduction and eversion

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24
Q

motion coupling: PF goes with?

A

adduction and inversion

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25
eversion goes with?
DF and abduction
26
Talocrural arthrokinematics
``` open kinetic chain talus on tibia - distal on proximal - convex on concave - roll and glide opposite TCJ is most stable in DF ```
27
DF roll and glide for talocrural joint?
roll anteriorly and glide/slide posteriorly
28
PF roll and glide for talocrural joint?
roll posteriorly and glide/slide anteriorly
29
Effect of gravity on talocrural joint
gravity causes DF torque at TCJ external DF moment internal PF moment
30
external forces at talocrural joint?
muscle, GRF, BW
31
force in TCJ during terminal stance?
4x BW during normal gait
32
The subtalar joint is also know as?
talocalcaneal joint
33
Subtalar joint
``` 3 articulations (anterior, middle, posterior facets) cannot have motion in one facet without having motion in the other two ```
34
Where does the talus sit in relation to the calcaneus?
talus is on top of the anterior/medial aspect of the calcaneus
35
Subtalar joint axis is ___ degrees from transverse plane
42
36
subtalar joint axis is ____ degrees from frontal plane
48
37
the subtalar joint axis is ____ degrees from the sagittal plane
16
38
the medial aspect of the talus rests on top of which structure?
sustanaculum tali
39
IC = pronation or supination of foot?
pronation. heel (calcaneus) moves laterally under BW
40
Supination = which 3 movements?
inversion, PF, adduction
41
pronation = which 3 movements?
eversion, DF, abduction
42
function of pronation
shock absorption
43
function of supination
creates rigid lever for propulsion | foot goes into supination position during push off. helps transfer wt/forces. calcaneus moves medially.
44
oblique axis
represents hindfoot motion with respect to the tibia (?)
45
Subtalar arthrokinematics: NWB
distal on proximal (how the calcaneus and forefoot move with respect to the tibia and talus)
46
subtalar arthrokinematics: NWB - supination
``` calcaneus = inversion forefoot = PF and ADD ```
47
subtalar arthrokinematics: NBW - pronation
``` calcaneus = eversion forefoot = DF and ABD ```
48
subtalar arthrokinematics: WB
proximal on distal (how the hindfoot moves with respect to the forefoot)
49
subtalar arthrokinematics: WB - supination
``` calcaneus = inversion talus = ABD and DF tibia = ER ```
50
subtalar arthrokinematics: WB - pronation
``` calcaneus = eversion talus = ADD and PF tibia = IR ```
51
subtalar arthrokinematics: WB - pronation occurs during which part of gait?
Loading response and mid-stance talus adducts due to medial arch collapsing tibia has to follow motion of talus
52
subtalar arthrokinematics: WB - supination occurs during which part of gait?
push off | abduction of talus causes ER of tibia
53
pronation occurs at which aspect of the gait cycle?
0-15 % (loading response and part of mid-stance)
54
sagittal plane is which axis
mediolateral
55
frontal plane is which axis
anterior posterior
56
transverse plane is which axis
vertical axis
57
which movements occur along the ML axis?
DF/PF (sagittal plane)
58
which movements occur along the AP axis?
inversion/eversion (2:1 ratio) (frontal plane)
59
which movements occur along the vertical axis?
ABD/ADD (transverse plane)
60
describe the varus motion of the rear foot
plantar aspect of foot faces medially | inversion
61
describe the valgus motion of the rear foot
plantar aspect of foot faces laterally | eversion
62
Subtalar neutral definition
the most stable position of the joint max congruency of STJ (talus and calcaneus) max contact area between articulating surfaces of STJ
63
Subtalar neutral info
neither pronated nor supinated position 2:1 ratio of supination to pronation allowed at the STJ average neutral position is 0-3 degrees of inversion
64
does the subtalar joint allow more inversion or eversion?
2:1 ratio of 2x more inversion than eversion allowed | STJ neutral used to make orthodics
65
In anatomical zero, the subtalar joint assesses:
INV/EV rear-foot varus/valgus fore-foot varus/valgus
66
The transverse tarsal joint is also known as the ___ joint or the _____ joint
S joint or midtarsal joint
67
Functions of transverse tarsal joint/s-joint/midtarsal joint
accommodation to terrain (uneven surfaces) smooth transition from lateral to medial metatarsals in stance phase of gait maintenance of forefoot loading during late midstance while STJ supinates
68
the transverse tarsal joint is a joint made up of which two joints?
Calcaneocuboid and talonavicular
69
the calcaneocuboid aspect of the s joint makes up the medial or lateral part of the s joint?
lateral (it is a shallow saddle joint)
70
the talonavicular aspect of the s joint makes up which aspect of the s joint?
medial
71
The calcaneonavicular joint is supported by which ligament?
spring ligament
72
Which joint is essential for providing rigidity to the ankle during push off?
``` transverse tarsal (s-) joint (plantar fascia stabilizes s joint during push off) ```
73
Transverse tarsal joint axes
closed packed = full supination (max congruency of s joint which occurs during push off) open packed = mid-range
74
name the two axes of the transverse tarsal joint
longitudinal and oblique
75
motion of the transverse tarsal joint on the longitudinal axis
allows ample inversion and eversion! second most allowed motion on this axis is AB/ADD
76
motion of the transverse tarsal joint on the oblique axis
most motion allowed = PF/DF second most motion allowed = AB/ADD third most motion allowed = EV/INV
77
the longitudinal axis of the TTJ is closest to the ___ axis, which is why it allows the most EV/INV
AP axis
78
oblique axis of TTJ
closer to vertical axis than AP, and closer to M/L axis than AP
79
Talonavicular Joint info
head of talus = convex body of navicular = concave ball and socket joint structurally limitless range of motion
80
Calcaneocuboid Joint info
``` saddle type joint transverse plane = convex sagittal plane = concave frontal plane = triangular motion occurs in all 3 planes ```
81
main movements of talocrural joint
DF/PF
82
main movements of subtalar joint
INV/EV and AB/ADD

Semester 2 FS Exam 9 (2 decks)

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