Ankle & Foot Flashcards
Ankle Anatomy
Distal Tibiofibular Joint
Proximal Tibiofibular Joint
Talocrural Joint
Foot Anatomy
Hindfoot (rearfoot)
-Subtalar joint
Midfoot
- Transverse Tarsal (Midtarsal) Joints: Talonavicular & Calcaneocuboid
- Distal Intertarsal Joints: Cuneonavicular, Cuboidenavicular, Intercuneiform, Cuneocuboid
Forefoot
- Tarsometatarsal
- Intermetatarsal
- Metatarsophalangeal
- Interphalangeal
Distal Tibiofibular Joint
- Fibrous/syndesmosis type of joint
- Movement is minimal
- Spreads apart going into DF b/c Talus is wider anteriorly
- Ligaments: Anterior TibFib & Posterior TibFib Ligament
Distal Tibiofibular Joint Resting Position
PF
Distal Tibiofibular Joint Closed Pack Position
Max DF
Distal Tibiofibular Joint Capsular Pattern
Pain when joint is stressed
Talocrural Joint
- Modififed hinge, synovial joint
- This is the main ankle joint
- b/w Talus, Lateral & Medial Malleoli
-Movement = PF & DF
Talocrural Joint Resting Position
10deg PF & midway b/w inversion/eversion
Talocrural Joint Closed Pack Position
Max DF
Talocrural Joint Capsular Pattern
PF > DF
Subtalar Joint
3 articular facets
- Posterior: concave Talus, convex Calcaneus
- 2 Anterior: convex Talus, concave Calcaneus
-Movement = Inversion/eversion = responsible for alignment of Tranverse Tarsal Joint (locking/unlocking of midfoot)
- Pronated hindfoot = parallel axis = increased movement
- Supinated hindfoot = NOT parallel axis = decreased movement
Subtalar Joint Resting Position
Midway b/w extreme ROM
Subtalar Joint Closed Pack Position
Supination
Subtalar Joint Capsular Pattern
Varus > Valgus
Midtarsal Joints
Talonavicular & Calcaneocuboid
- minimal movement alone
- significant movement together (ADD & ABD)
Chopart Joint
- part of Midtarsal Joints
- b/w Talus/Calcaneous & Navicular/Cuboid
-separates medial from lateral sides
Midtarsal Joints Resting Position
Midway b/w extreme ROM
Midtarsal Joints Closed Pack Position
Supination
Midtarsal Joints Capsular Pattern
DF > PF > ADD > IR
Forefoot Joints
Tarsometatarsal
Metatarsophalangeal
Interphalangeal
Tarsometatarsal Joint Resting Position
Midway b/w extreme ROM
Tarsometatarsal Joint Closed Pack Position
Supination
Tarsometatarsal Joint Capsular Pattern
NONE
Metatarsophalangeal Joint Resting Position
10deg extension
Metatarsophalangeal Joint Closed Pack Position
Full extension
Metatarsophalangeal Joint Capsular Pattern
Big toe = extension > flexion
Little toes = variable
Interphalangeal Joint Resting Position
Slight flexion
Interphalangeal Joint Closed Pack Position
Full extension
Interphalangeal Joint Capsular Pattern
Flexion > extension
Ankle DF ROM
norm = 20 F = Lateral Malleolus S = Fibula M = parallel to 5th MT
Ankle PF ROM
norm = 50 F = Lateral Malleolus S = Fibula M = parallel to 5th MT
Ankle Inversion ROM
norm = 35 F = b/w Malleoli S = Tibia M = 2nd MT
Ankle Eversion ROM
norm = 15 F = b/w Malleoli S = Tibia M = 2nd MT
1st MTP Flexion ROM
norm = 45 F = MTP joint S = 1st MT M = proximal phalange
1st MTP Extension ROM
norm = 70 F = MTP joint S = 1st MT M = proximal phalange