Ankle Examination Flashcards
Observation
Pes cavus - high arch
Pes planus - flat feel, lowered arch
Callus, blisters, swelling, clawing of toes
Wear of shoes
Standing - pronation and supination, shape of Achilles tendon posteriorly, hallux valgus, weight bearing, muscle bulk
Kinetic chain
Functional task
Activity that reproduces symptoms
Standing on toes or heels
Double or single leg heel raise
Hopping
Single leg stand - eyes open or closed
Line walk forwards and back
Single leg squat
Active range of motion
Dorsiflexion - knee flexed at 30 degrees and extended
Planter flexion
Inversion
Eversion
Toe flexion
Toe extension
Passive range of motion
Dorsiflexion - with and without knee flexion
Plantar flexion
Pronation and supination
Plantar flexion and inversion
Plantar flexion and eversion
Dorsiflexion and inversion
Dorsiflexion and eversion
Toe flexion
Toe extension
Isometrics
Dorsiflexion
Plantar flexion
Inversion
Eversion
Muscle length
Gastrocnemius - straight knee, assess in weight bearing and non-weight bearing
Soleus - bent knee, assess in weight bearing and non-weight bearing
Hamstrings
Anterior draw test
Feet off the plinth or on a pillow
10 degree dorsiflexion
One hand over distal tibial and fibular over joint line
Other hand over the front of the foot
Move the foot back and forth
Posterior draw test
Patient lying in prone
Knees flexed to 90 degrees
Hand on the distal tibia and fibula over the joint line
Other hand on talus of foot (just below the heel)
Push the foot posteriorly and back anteriorly
Medial glide on subtalus
Patient in side lying
Foot off the plinth, supported by a towel
One hand over the distal tibia and fibula over the joint line
Foot in supported dorsiflexion (can use your thigh)
Other hand on the side of calcaneus
Move the foot up and down (lateral to medial)
Palpation
Joint line - talocrural and subtalar joint, tarsal and metatarsals
Lateral and medial collateral ligaments
Plantar fascia
Achilles insertion
Fat pad
Pedal pulse
Colour, temperature and skin quality
