Ankle and foot module 3

Question 1

what does the plantar aponeurosis (fascia) do?

Answer 1

supports the foot helps to form the medial longitudinal arch

Question 2

where does the plantar fascia run?

Answer 2

starts at the base of the calcaneus and extends distally to the phalanges

Question 3

what prevents the spreading of the calcaneus and metatarsals?

Answer 3

tensile loading of the plantar fascia

Question 4

how is the body function/structure impacted by plantar fasciitis?

Answer 4

inflammation and degeneration of the tendon
repetitive microtrauma to the fascia
progresses to changes in plantar tissue extensibility
accompanies foot deformities
increased prevalence in individuals with increased BMI

Question 5

what is the chief complaint with plantar fasciitis?

Answer 5

painful, stiff first steps in the am or after inactivity
heel pain located plantar aspect of foot
increased running frequency or distance, change in shoe wear, increased barefoot time

Question 6

what are some examination findings with plantar fasciitis?

Answer 6

pain upon palpation of the proximal plantar fascia attachment (medial calcaneal tubercle)
1st toe PROM extension reproduces pain at the proximal or distal attachment
reduced DF ROM

Question 7

what are some important differential diagnoses for plantar fasciitis?

Answer 7

calcaneal stress fracture
bone bruise
fat pad atrophy
tarsal tunnel syndrome
soft tissue, primary, or metastatic bone rumors
paget disease of bone
sever’s injury
referred pain as a result of an S1 radiculopathy

Question 8

what is the windlass mechanism?

Answer 8

like the pullies on a ship that lift loads, the plantar facias when “wound” it can support the load of the body